Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the skeleton?
Support
Protection
Movement
Blood cell production
How does the skeleton provide support?
Vertebrae- babies are born with 33 vertebrae but adults have 24 because some join together naturally. Without vertebrae, a person would not be able to sit up right.
Major bones in the leg- the femur, fibula and tibia allow a person to stand up right.
How does the skeleton provide protection?
The bones protect the vital organs
The skull protects the brain
The vertebrae protect the spinal cord
The rib cage protects the heart, lungs and liver
How does the skeleton provide movement?
The shoulders, elbows and knees are joined by flexible joints.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons
Skeletal muscles contract and relax to move bones
What is the role of bone marrow?
Bone marrow is where the 3 types of blood cells are made
What is the role of the red blood cell?
RBCs contain a protein called haemoglobin, which carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body.
The biconcave disc shape allows the cell to flow smoothly through the narrowest blood vessels.
What is the role of white blood cells?
WBCs help fight harmful microorganisms and pathogens
What is the role of the platelet?
Platelets are colourless blood cells that help blood clot.
They stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries.
What are the 3 connective tissues and what are their roles?
Cartilage- found at the ends of bones and where joints meet
Ligaments- attach bones to bones, which gives joints their stability.
Tendons- attach muscles to bones
Describe synovial joints and their structure
Synovial joints (freely movable joints ) allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
Synovial joints have synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates the joint so it moves smoothly. Synovial fluid is made by the synovial membrane.
In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with articulate cartilage which prevents friction between the bones.
The articular capsule prevents friction as well.
What are 4 types of joint movement?
Flexion - bending the joint, decreasing the angle between the two bones
Extension- straightening the limb
Abduction- moving a limb away front the midline
Adduction- moving a limb towards the midline
What are examples of long bones?
Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna Metacarpus Phalanges Femur Tibia Fibula Metatarsus
What are examples of short bones?
Carpus
Patella
Tarsus
What are examples of flat bones?
Ribs
Scapula
Sternum
Skull bones
What are examples of irregular bones?
The bones of the vertebrae
