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ANAPHY > The Tissues and integumentary System > Flashcards

The Tissues and integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Gives rise to epidermis and nervous system

A

Ectoderm

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2
Q

Produces mucous membrane of respiratory

tract, thyroid gland, secretory parts of pancreas

A

Endoderm

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3
Q

Gives rise to connective and muscle tissue

A

Mesoderm

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4
Q

Cells are specialized for particular functions

A

Body Tissues

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5
Q

group of cells with similar structure and function

A

Tissues

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6
Q

FOUR PRIMARY TYPES

A
  • Epithelium
  • Connective Tissue
  • Muscle Tissue
  • Nervous Tissue
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7
Q

TO FOUND IN
o body coverings
o body linings
o Glandular tissues

A

Epithelial Tissue

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8
Q 
TO FUNCTION AS
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
A

Epithelial Tissue

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9
Q

Epithelial cells may assume one of the three

basic shapes:

A

squamous, cuboidal, or columnar

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10
Q

it appear as single or multiple

layers.

A

Epithelia

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11
Q

Consists of a single layer of flat, scale-like cells

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS

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12
Q

Consists of a single layer of cube-like cells

A

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL

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13
Q

Consists of a single layer of tall cells

A

SIMPLE COLUMNAR

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14
Q

Consists of a single layer of irregularly

shaped columnar cells

A

PSEUDOSTATIFIED

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15
Q

protection as it forms a thick

layer of epithelium

A

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS

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16
Q

two layers of cuboidal cells

A

STATIFIED CUBOIDAL

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17
Q

surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape

A

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

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18
Q

found mainly in ducts of

large glands

A

STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL AND COLUMNAR

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19
Q

Multiple cell layers

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

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20
Q

GRANDULAR EPITHELIUM

A

-ENDOCRINE
GLAND
-EXOCRINE GLANDS

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21
Q

o ductless

o secrete hormones

A

ENDOCRINE

GLAND

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22
Q

o ducts to surface

o oil and sweat

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

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23
Q

TO FOUND IN

o Everywhere

A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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24
Q

TO FUNCTION AS

  • Binds tissue together
  • Supports the body
  • Provides protection
A

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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25
Q

made up of non-living

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

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26
Q

TWO MAIN ELEMENTS OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

A

GROUND SUBSTANCE

FIBERS

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27
Q

mostly water along with adhesion and polysaccharide molecules

A

GROUND SUBSTANCE

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28
Q

produces by cells

A

FIBERS

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29
Q

THREE TYPES OF FIBERS

A

o Collagen fibers
o Elastic fibers
o Reticular fibers

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30
Q

Loose packing, support, and
nourishment for the structures
with which it is associated

A

AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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31
Q

Packing material, thermal

insulator, energy storage, and protection of organs against injury from being bumped or jarred

A

ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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32
Q

consists of adipocytes, or fat cells. They reduces heat loss and provide great amount of energy reserve, support and protection.

A

Adipose tissue

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33
Q

Provides a superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues

A

RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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34
Q

Withstand great pulling

forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation due to great tensile strength and stretch resistance

A

DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS

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35
Q

more fibers, less ground substance

A

Dense

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36
Q

fewer fibers, more ground substance

A

Loose

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37
Q

Capable of stretching and

recoiling like a rubber band with strength in the direction of fiber orientation

A

DENSE REGULAR ELASTIC

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38
Q

semisolid matrix

A

Cartilage

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39
Q

Allows growth of long
bones; provides rigidity with some flexibility in the trachea, bronchi, ribs, and nose; forms strong, smooth, yet somewhat flexible articulating surfaces; forms the embryonic skeleton

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

40
Q

consists differentiated fibroblasts and collagen fibers.

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

41
Q

Somewhat flexible and

capable of withstanding considerable pressure; connects structure subjected to great pressure

A

FIBROCARTILAGE

42
Q

solid matrix

A

BONE

43
Q

Provides great strength and support
and protects internal organs, such as brain; bones also provides attachment sites for muscles and ligaments; the joints of bones allow movements

A

BONE

44
Q

FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE

A

BLOOD

45
Q

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste products, and other substances; protects the body from infection and is involved in temperature regulation

A

BLOOD

46
Q

Hemopoietic Tissue

A

o Red marrow

o Yellow marrow

47
Q

composed of elongated muscle cells called muscle fibers.

A

Muscular tissue

48
Q

There are three types of muscular tissue

A

Skeletal Muscles, Cardiac Muscles and Smooth muscles.

49
Q

Movement of the body; under voluntary control

A

SKELETAL TISSUE

50
Q

Pumps the blood; under involuntary

(unconscious) control

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

51
Q

Regulates the size of organs. forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, and produces “goose bumps” in the skin; under involuntary (unconscious) control

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE

52
Q

transmits impulses to coordinate activities including involuntary controls because these specialized cells makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

53
Q

transmit information in the form of action potentials, store information, and integrate and evaluate data; neuroglia support, protect, and form specialized sheaths around axons

A

NERVOUS TISSUE

54
Q

The skin is a multilayered organ that consists of two main parts:

A

Epidermis and Dermis

55
Q

made from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, is the superficial, thinner portion of the skin that prevents water loss and resists abrasion.

A

Epidermis

56
Q

is the deeper, thicker and dense connective tissue portion.

A

Dermis

57
Q

FIVE LAYERS

A 
STRATUM BASALE
STRATUM SPINOSUM
STRATUM GRANULOSUM
STRATUM LUCIDUM
STRATUM CORNEUM
58
Q

is the deepest layer that consists of either columnar or cuboidal cells aligned in single row.

A

STRATUM BASALE

59
Q

This layer provides strength and flexibility to the skin. Cells in the more superficial portions of this layer are beginning to flatten.

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM

60
Q

this layer is the presence of the protein keratin and membrane- enclosed lamellar granules.

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

61
Q

This layer is found only in the areas of the body (thick skin) where exposure to friction is greatest (for example, fingertips, palms, soles).

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

62
Q

The interior of the cells contains mostly keratin that aids in its natural strength. Its multiple layers of dead squamous cells filled with keratin help to protect deeper layers from injury and microbial invasion.

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

63
Q

also called as the stratum germinatum

A

STRATUM BASALE

64
Q

8 to 10 layers of many-sided

keratinocytes that t closely together.

A

STRATUM SPINOSUM

65
Q

3 to 5 layers of flattened

keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis.

A

STRATUM GRANULOSUM

66
Q

4–6 layers of flattened clear, dead

keratinocytes that contain large amounts of keratin.

A

STRATUM LUCIDUM

67
Q

25 to 30 layers of flattened dead cells

from the deeper strata.

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

68
Q

composed of dense collagenous

connective tissue containing fibroblasts, adipocytes, and macrophages.

A

DERMIS

69
Q

is caused by pigments such as melanin, hemoglobin and carotene.

A

Skin color

70
Q

plays responsible for its pale yellow to reddish brown to black shade.

A

melanin

71
Q

A deficiency of oxygen in circulating

blood

A

Cyanosis

72
Q

Impaired liver function (such as from hepatitis or liver disease) that allows bile to accumulate, which stains the skin

A

Jaundice

73
Q

A deficiency of hormones from the adrenal gland, such as occurs with Addison disease

A

Bronzing

74
Q

A genetic lack of melanin

A

Albinism

75
Q

Increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface; may result from heat, exercise, sunburn, or emotions such as embarrassment or anger

A

Erythema

76
Q

Blue tint

A

Cyanosis

77
Q

Yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes

A

Jaundice

78
Q

A golden brown skin color

A

Bronzing

79
Q

Extremely pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes

A

Albinism

80
Q

Abnormal redness

A

Erythema

81
Q

Decreased blood flow, such as occurs from c temperatures, fear or emotional stress, low blood pressure, or blood loss

A

Pallor

82
Q

The breakdown of clotted blood under the skin

A

Bruise (hematoma)

83
Q

Pale Skin

A

Pallor

84
Q

Bluish, black or yellowish mark on the skin

A

Bruise

85
Q

protects the skin and other structures of the body.

A

Hair

86
Q

plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized cells of the epidermis.

A

Nails

87
Q

s stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body.

A

The cuticle, or eponychium

88
Q

The average growth of fingernails

A

1 mm (0.04 inch) per week.

89
Q

produce secretions that perform a variety of functions.

A

Glands

90
Q

two major glands located in the skin

A

sebaceous and sweat glands

91
Q

TWO MAJOR PARTS OF GLANDS

A

SWEAT GLANDS

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

92
Q

TWO TYPES OF SWEAT GLANDS

A

Eccrine Glands

Apocrine Glands

93
Q

produces a transparent, watery fluid called sweat that contains small amount of potassium, ammonia, lactic acid, uric acid and other wastes.

A

Eccrine Glands

94
Q

is limited to the axillary and pubic regions and produces a thicker sweat often released during emotional stress.

A

Apocrine Glands

95
Q

lies in the dermis and open
into hair follicles or directly onto the skin. It secretes sebum as an oily substance that contains lipids and cellular debris.

A

SEBACEOUS GLANDS

96
Q

plays an important role in the protection of the ear canal against physical damage and microbial invasion.

A

Cerumen

97
Q

the skin of the
human external auditory canal are modified apocrine glands, which, together with sebaceous glands, produce the cerumen, the ear wax.

A

ceruminous glands

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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