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ANAPHY > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

double-layered sac that anchors and

protects heart

A

Pericardium

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2
Q

membrane around heart’s cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

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3
Q

membrane on heart’s surface

A

Visceral pericardium

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4
Q

space around heart

A

Pericardial cavity

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5
Q

surface of heart (outside)

A

Epicardium

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6
Q

thick, middle layer
composed of cardiac
muscle

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

smooth, inner surface or

endothelium

A

Endocardium

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8
Q 
- 1 centrally located nucleus
• Branching cells
• Rich in mitochondria
• Striated (actin and myosin)
• Ca2+ and ATP used for
contractions
• Intercalated disks connect
cells
A

Cardiac Muscle

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9
Q

4 Chambers

A
  • left atrium (LA)
  • right atrium (RA)
  • left ventricle (LV)
  • right ventricle (RV)
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10
Q

separates atria from

ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

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11
Q 
Upper portion
• Holding chambers
• Small, thin walled
• Contract minimally to push
blood into ventricles
A

atria

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12
Q

separates right and left atria

A

Interatrial septum

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13
Q 
- Lower portion
• Pumping chambers
• Thick, strong walled
• Contract forcefully to propel
blood out of hear
A

Ventricles

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14
Q

separates right and left

ventricles

A

Interventricular septum

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15
Q

between atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves (AV)

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16
Q
  • AV valve between RA and RV

- 3 cusps

A

Tricuspid valve

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17
Q
  • AV valve between LA and LV

- 2 cusps

A

Bicuspid valve (mitral)

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18
Q

Semilunar valves:

A

pulmonary

aortic

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19
Q

base of pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary

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20
Q

base of aorta

A

aortic

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21
Q
  • Anchored the cusps in place by chordae tendineae to the walls of the ventricles
    – Open during heart relaxation, when blood passively fills the chambers
    – Closed during ventricular contraction
A

• AV valves

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22
Q

– Closed during heart relaxation

– Open during ventricular contraction

A

semilunar valves

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23
Q
  • carries blood from heart to lungs
  • blood is O2
    poor, CO2
    rich
A

pulmonary circuit

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24
Q

• Right Atrium:

- receives blood from 3 places:

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

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25
Q

receives blood from 3 places: superior

and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

A

Right Atrium

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26
Q

drains blood above diaphragm (head,

neck, thorax, upper limbs)

A

Superior vena cava

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27
Q

drains blood below diaphragm

abdominopelvic cavity and lower limbs

A

Inferior vena cava

28
Q

drains blood from myocardium

A

coronary sinus

29
Q
  • opens into pulmonary trunk
A

Right Ventricle

30
Q

splits into right and left pulmonary

arteries

A

Pulmonary trunk

31
Q

carry blood away from heart to lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

32
Q
  • carries blood from heart to body
  • blood is O2
    rich, CO2
    poor
A

systemic circuit

33
Q 
4 openings (pulmonary veins) that
receive blood from lungs
A

left atrium

34
Q
  • opens into aorta
  • thicker, contracts more forcefully,
    higher blood pressure than right
    ventricle has to get to body
A

left ventricle

35
Q

carries blood from LV to body

A

aorta

36
Q

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system

consisting of:

A

coronary arteries
cardiac veins
coronary sinus

37
Q

branch from the aorta to

supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

A

Coronary arteries

38
Q

drain the myocardium of blood

A

Cardiac veins

39
Q

a large vein on the posterior of

the heart; receives blood from cardiac veins

A

Coronary sinus

40
Q
  • supply blood to heart wall

- originate from base of aorta (above aortic semilunar valve)

A

Coronary arteries

41
Q
  • originates on right side of aorta

- supply blood to right ventricle

A

Right coronary artery

42
Q
  • has 3 branches
  • supply blood to anterior
    heart wall and left ventricle
A

Left coronary artery

43
Q

Atrial cells beat times per minute

A

beat 60 times per minute

44
Q

Ventricular cells beat times per minute

A

beat 20-40 times per minute

45
Q

Need a unifying control system

A 
the intrinsic
conduction system (nodal system)
46
Q

Two systems regulate heart activity

A

•Autonomic nervous system
•Intrinsic conduction system, or the nodal
system

47
Q

Path of Action Potential through Heart

A 
1 Sinoatrial node (SA node):
2 Atrioventricular (AV) Node
3 Bundle of His
4 Right and Left bundle branches
5 Purkinje fibers
48
Q

rapid heart rate,

over 100 beats per minute

A

Tachycardia

49
Q

slow heart rate,

less than 60 beats per minutes

A

Bradycardia

50
Q

Heart is 2 side by side pumps

A

right and left

51
Q

primers for pumps

A

atria

52
Q

power pumps

A

ventricles

53
Q

repetitive pumping action which includes contraction and relaxation
refers to one complete heartbeat, in which both atria and ventricles
contract and then relax

A

cardiac cycle

54
Q

contraction of atria

A

• Atrial systole

55
Q

contraction of

ventricles

A

Ventricular systole

56
Q

relaxation of atria

A

Atrial diastole

57
Q

relaxation of ventricles

A

ventricular diastole

58
Q

Average heart rate is approximately beats per minute

A

75 beats per minute

59
Q

Cardiac cycle length is normally second

A

0.8 seconds

60
Q

longer, louder heart sound caused by the closing of the AV valves

A

Lub

61
Q

short, sharp heart sound caused by the closing of the semilunar
valves at the end of ventricular systole

A

Dupp

62
Q

• Factors modifying basic heart rate

A

1 neural (ans) controls
2 hormones and ions
3 physical factors

63
Q

•Sympathetic nervous system speeds heart rate
•Parasympathetic nervous system, primarily vagus nerve
fibers, slow and steady the heart rate

A

neural (ans) control

64
Q

•Epinephrine and thyroxine speed heart rate
•Excess or lack of calcium, sodium, and potassium ions also
modify heart activity

A

hormones and ions

65
Q

•Age, gender, exercise, body temperature influence heart

rate

A

physical factors

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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