Blood Flashcards
form a closed vascular system that
transports blood to the tissues and back to the
heart
Blood Vessels
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Arteries and arterioles
Vessels that play a role in exchanges between tissues
and blood
Capillary beds
Vessels that return blood toward the heart
Venules and veins
▪ Three layers (tunics) in blood vessels
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
forms a friction-reducing lining
Tunica intima
Smooth muscle and elastic tissue
Controlled by sympathetic nervous system
Tunica media
forms protective outermost covering
Tunica externa
have a heavier, stronger, stretchier tunica
media than veins to withstand changes in pressure
Arteries
have a thinner tunica media than arteries and
operate under low pressure
Veins
is larger than that of arteries
Lumen of veins
- Only one cell layer thick (tunica intima)
- Allow for exchanges between blood and tissue
Capillaries
Blood flow through a capillary bed
microcirculation
- Branch off a terminal arteriole
- Empty directly into a postcapillary venule
- Entrances to capillary beds are guarded by precapillary
sphincters
True capillaries
- Largest artery in the body
- Leaves from the left ventricle of the heart
Aorta
—leaves the left ventricle
Ascending aorta
—arches to the left
Aortic Arch
—travels downward through the thorax
Thoracic Aorta
—passes through the diaphragm into the
abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal Aorta
Right and left coronary arteries serve the heart
Arterial branches of the ascending aorta
Brachiocephalic trunk splits into the
▪ Right common carotid artery
▪ Right subclavian artery
Left common carotid artery splits into the
▪ Left internal and external carotid arteries
Left subclavian artery branches into the
Vertebral artery
Other branches of the thoracic aorta (not illustrated)
supply the
▪ Lungs (bronchial arteries)
▪ Esophagus (esophageal arteries)
▪ Diaphragm (phrenic arteries)
is the first branch of the abdominal aorta
Celiac trunk
Celiac trunk is the first branch of the abdominal aorta.
Three branches are
- Left gastric artery (stomach)
- Splenic artery (spleen)
- Common hepatic artery (liver)
supplies most of the small
intestine and first half of the large intestine
Superior mesenteric artery
serve muscles of the abdomen and
trunk
Lumbar arteries
in females serve the ovaries
Ovarian arteries
in males serve the testes
Testicular arteries
the second half of the
large intestine
▪ Inferior mesenteric artery
the final
branches of the aorta
Left and Right common iliac arteries
drains the head and arms
Superior vena cava
drains the lower body
Inferior vena cava
drains the lateral aspect of the arm and
empties into the axillary vein
Cepalic vein
drains the medial aspect of the arm and
empties into the brachial vein
Basilic Vein
are joined at the median cubital vein (elbow area)
Basilic and Cephalic Veins
drains the posterior part of the head
Vertebral vein
vein drains the dural sinuses of the brain
Internal Jugular
Left and right brachiocephalic veins receive venous
blood from the
▪ Subclavian veins
▪ Vertebral veins
▪ Internal jugular veins
drains the thorax
Azygos vein
drain
the legs
Anterior and posterior tibial veins and fibial veins
(longest veins of the body)
▪ Great saphenous veins
drains the right ovary in females and
right testicle in males
Right gonadal vein
empties into the left renal vein
Left gonadal vein
drain the kidneys
Left and right renal veins
drains the digestive organs and
travels through the liver before it enters systemic
circulation
Hepatic portal vein
drain the liver
Left and right hepatic veins
Internal carotid arteries divide into
Anterior and middle cerebral arteries
serves the brain stem and cerebellum
Basilar artery
form from the division of the
basilar artery
Posterior cerebral arteries
These arteries supply the posterior cerebrum
Posterior cerebral arteries
united by
small communicating arterial branches
Anterior and posterior blood supplies
—complete circle of connecting blood vessels
cerebral arterial circle, or circle of Willis
formed by veins
draining the digestive organs, which empty into
the hepatic portal vein
Hepatic portal circulation
the hepatic portal vein
▪ Digestive organs
▪ Spleen
▪ Pancreas
Measurements of arterial pulse, blood pressure,
respiratory rate, and body temperature
Vital signs
Alternate expansion and recoil of a blood vessel wall
(the pressure wave) that occurs as the heart beats
Arterial pulse
Pulse averages in a
healthy person
70 to 76 beats per minute at rest
▪ The pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls
of the blood vessels
▪ The force that causes blood to continue to flow in the
blood vessels
Blood pressure
Two arterial blood pressures are measured
Systolic
Diastolic
pressure in the arteries at the peak of
ventricular contraction
Systolic
pressure when ventricles relax
Diastolic
is an indirect method of
measuring systemic arterial blood pressure, most often
in the brachial artery
Auscultatory method
