The Cell and Cellular Metabolism and Reproduction

Question 1

have distinct parts, it constitutes our body with more than 100 trillion of it. Though very minute structures, these cells determines form and functions of the human body.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

the size of a single cell

Answer 2

10 to 15 micrometers.

Question 3

a blood cell measure

Answer 3

7.7 micrometers

Question 4

ovum measures

Answer 4

100 micrometers.

Question 5

a meter in length of its extensions.

Answer 5

nerve cell

Question 6

different chemical processes during cell metabolism provides energy for muscle contraction and heat production.

Answer 6

Cell metabolism and energy use

Question 7

Cells synthesize various types of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. The different cells of the body do not all produce the same molecules. Therefore, the structural and functional characteristics of cells are determined by the types of molecules they produce.

Answer 7

Synthesis of molecules

Question 8

Cells produce and receive chemical and electrical signals that allow them to communicate with one another. For example, nerve cells communicate with one another and with muscle cells, causing muscle cells to contract.

Answer 8

Communication

Question 9

Each cell contains a copy of the genetic information of the individual. Specialized cells (sperm cells and oocytes) transmit that genetic information to the next generation.

Answer 9

Reproduction and inheritance

Question 10

Most cells have three major portions, with the exception of the red blood cells.

Answer 10

Plasma membrane or cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Question 11

defining boundaries with gate-like properties

Answer 11

plasma membrane, or cell membrane

Question 12

contains organelles and molecules

Answer 12

cytoplasm

Question 13

acts as the control center and contains a cell’s genetic information.

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

Outermost component of cell

Answer 14

CELL MEMBRANE

Question 15

material outside the cell

Answer 15

Extracellular

Question 16

material inside cell

Answer 16

Intracellular

Question 17

determines what can

pass in and out of the cell

Answer 17

Cell membrane

Question 18

found in higher concentrations INSIDE the cell

Answer 18

Enzymes, glycogen. and potassium

Question 19

found in higher concentrations OUTSIDE the cell

Answer 19

Sodium, calcium, and chloride

Question 20

WAYS MOLECULES PASS THROUGH CELL MEMBRANE

Answer 20

1. DIRECTLY THROUGH (DIFFUSION)
2. MEMBRANE CHANNELS
3. CARRIER MOLECULES
4. VESICLES

Question 21

Location: inside cell

Answer 21

cytoplasm

Question 22

give cell shape and hold organelles in place

Answer 22

cytoplasm

Question 23

center of cell

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

Location: edge of nucleus

Answer 24

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

Question 25

Location: surface of nucleus

Answer 25

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 26

where materials pass in and out of | nucleus

Answer 26

NUCLEAR PORES

Question 27

Location: in nucleus

Answer 27

NUCLEOLUS

Question 28

produce ribosomes

Answer 28

NUCLEOLUS

Question 29

Location: attached to RER or cytoplasm

Answer 29

RIBOSOME

Question 30

Function: produce proteins

Answer 30

RIBOSOME

Question 31

Location: inside nucleus

Answer 31

CHROMOSOME

Question 32

part of genetic makeup

Answer 32

CHROMOSOME

Question 33

Location: inside nucleus

Answer 33

CHROMATIN

Question 34

Location: cytoplasm

Answer 34

RER (ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM)

Question 35

site of protein synthesis

Answer 35

RER (ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM)

Question 36

site of lipid synthesis

Answer 36

SER (SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM)

Question 37

collect, sort, package, and distribute proteins | and lipids

Answer 37

GOLGI APPARATUS

Question 38

distributes materials of cell

Answer 38

SECRETORY VESICLE

Question 39

produces ATP

Answer 39

MITOCHONDRIA

Question 40

enzymes that digest foreign material

Answer 40

LYSOSOME

Question 41

move materials across cell’s surface

Answer 41

CILIA

Question 42

move cell

Answer 42

FLAGELLA

Question 43

increase surface area

Answer 43

MICROVILLI

Question 44

cell’s framework

Answer 44

CYTOSKELETON

Question 45

TYPE OF SKELETON

Answer 45

MICROTUBULES INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS MICROFILAMENT

Question 46

- largest diameter - provide structural support - form cilia and flagella

Answer 46

MICROTUBULES

Question 47

- medium diameter | - maintain cell shape

Answer 47

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS

Question 48

- smallest diameter | - involved in cell movement

Answer 48

MICROFILAMENS

Question 49

double helix in nucleus

Answer 49

DNA

Question 50

contains 5 carbon sugar

Answer 50

deoxyribose, nitrogen base, | phosphate

Question 51

also called Central Dogma

Answer 51

FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION

Question 52

flow of genetic information Occurs in three stages:

Answer 52

- DNA replication - Transcription - Translation

Question 53

information in DNA directs protein synthesis

Answer 53

GENE EXPRESSION

Question 54

process by which DNA is “read”

Answer 54

TRANSCRIPTION

Question 55

process by mRNA is converted into amino acids (polypeptides)

Answer 55

TRANSLATION

Question 56

movement of molecules form areas of high to low concentration

Answer 56

DIFFUSION

Question 57

solid, liquid, or gas that contains one | or more solutes

Answer 57

SOLUTION

Question 58

substance added to solvent that dissolves

Answer 58

SOLUTE

Question 59

substance such as H2O that solute is | being added to

Answer 59

SOLVENT

Question 60

measures concentration difference at 2 points

Answer 60

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

Question 61

movement of fluid through a partition with holes

Answer 61

FILTRATION

Question 62

diffusion with aid of a carrier molecule

Answer 62

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Question 63

moves substances from low to high | concentration

Answer 63

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Question 64

involves the diffusion of water down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane.

Answer 64

Osmosis

Question 65

TYPES OF OSMOTIC SOLUTIONS

Answer 65

- HYPOTONIC SOLUTION - HYPERTONIC SOLUTION - ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 66

lower concentration of solutes outside cell

Answer 66

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 67

The solute concentration outside the cell is less than the concentration inside the cell. Therefore, the water concentration outside is greater than that inside, and water flows into the cell.

Answer 67

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 68

higher concentration of solutes outside cell

Answer 68

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

Question 69

The solute concentration outside the cell is greater than the concentration inside the cell. Therefore, the water concentration is greater inside the cell than outside, and water flows out of the cell.

Answer 69

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

Question 70

equal concentration of solutes

Answer 70

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 71

The solute concentration outside the cell is the same as that inside the cell. Therefore, water concentration is also the same on both sides of the cell, and the net movement of water is zero

Answer 71

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Question 72

process that brings materials into cell using vesicles

Answer 72

ENDOCYTOSIS

Question 73

TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS

Answer 73

Phagocytosis | Pinocytosis

Question 74

The cell “eats” large particles such as bacteria, viruses, and dead cells.

Answer 74

Phagocytosis

Question 75

The cell periodically “drinks” by | forming small vesicles around droplets of extracellular fluid.

Answer 75

Pinocytosis

Question 76

process that carries materials out of cell using vesicles

Answer 76

EXOCYTOSIS

Question 77

formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell

Answer 77

CELL DIVISON

Question 78

each cell (except sperm and egg) contains

Answer 78

46 CHROMOSOMES

Question 79

sperm and egg contain

Answer 79

33 CHROMOSOMES

Question 80

cell division that occurs in all cells except sex cells

Answer 80

MITOSIS

Question 81

STAGES IN MITOSIS

Answer 81

- INTERPHASE - PROPHASE - ANAPHASE - TELOPHASE

Question 82

time between cell divisions

Answer 82

Interphase

Question 83

chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Answer 83

PROPHASE

Question 84

The centromeres divide, forming two chromosomes instead of a pair of attached chromatids

Answer 84

ANAPHASE

Question 85

the two new nuclei assume their normal | structure, and cell division is completed, producing two new daughter cells.

Answer 85

TELOPHASE