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ANAPHY > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

are longer than they are wide and have knobby ends where the articulations form.

A

Long bones

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2
Q

shaft or body

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

head of each end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

marrow cavity or space that

contains yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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5
Q

are equal in length and width, making them nearly cube-shaped.

A

Short bones

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6
Q

are thin and provide both protection and surfaces for muscle attachments.

A

Flat bones

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7
Q

have complex shapes, such as those of the face and vertebral column.

A

Irregular bones

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8
Q

help from bone by
secreting substances that comprise
the bone’s matrix.

A

Osteoblasts

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9
Q

dissolve unwanted or

unhealthy bone.

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

are mature osteoblasts

that have become entrapped in the hardened bone matrix.

A

Osteocytes

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11
Q

Collagen fibers in the matrix make bone highly resistant to stretching resistant to stretching forces

A

TENSILE STRENGTHS

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12
Q

Calcium salts allow bones to resist strong

squeezing forces

A

COMPRESSIONAL STRENGTHS

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13
Q

Bone lacks the ability to endure twisting, In fact, most bone fractures result when torsional forces are exerted on an arm or leg.

A

TORSIONAL STRENGTHS

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14
Q

SKELETAL SYSTEM

A

206 bones

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15
Q

SKULL

A

22 BONES

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16
Q

Cranium

A

8 bones

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17
Q

is the bony structure

housing the brain.

A

Cranium

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18
Q

forms the forehead, roofs of the eye sockets, and front part of the cranial floor.

A

Frontal

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19
Q

Frontal

A

1 bone

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20
Q

form the sides and roof of

the cranium

A

Parietal

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21
Q

Parietal

A

2 bones

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22
Q

form the lower side of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.

A

Temporal

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23
Q

Temporal

A

2 bones

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24
Q

forms the back part of the

skull and most of the cranial floor.

A

Occipital

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25
Q

Occipital

A

1 bone

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26
Q

the middle of the cranial floor and is where all the other cranial bones attach, like the keystone joining two arches to form a doorway.

A

Sphenoid

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27
Q

Sphenoid

A

1 bone

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28
Q

forms the anterior part of the cranial floor, the medial part of the eye sockets, and superior portions of the nasal cavity.

A

Ethmoid

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29
Q

Ethmoid

A

1 bone

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30
Q

Face

A

14 bones

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31
Q

form the bridge of the nose.

A

nasal

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32
Q

nasal

A

2 bones

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33
Q

form the upper jawbone and join with all the other facial bones except the mandible (lower jawbone)

A

maxillary

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34
Q

maxillary

A

2 bones

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35
Q

or cheekbones, form the

cheek prominences and part of the wall of the eye sockets.

A

Zygomatic

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36
Q

Zygomatic

A

2 bones

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37
Q

the largest, strongest facial bone

A

Mandible

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38
Q

Mandible

A

1 bone

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39
Q

are the smallest, thinnest

bones on the medial eye socket.

A

lacrimal

40
Q

lacrimal

A

2 bones

41
Q

form the posterior portion of

the hard palate, part of the lower eye sockets, and part of the floor and the sides of the nasal cavity.

A

palatine

42
Q

palatine

A

2 bones

43
Q

project into the nasal cavity

to filter air before it passes toward the trachea and lungs.

A

inferior nasal conchae

44
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

2 bones

45
Q

joins with the maxillae and
the palatine bones to form the floor of the nasal cavity. Along with cartilage and the ethmoid bone, the single vomer forms the nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides.

A

Vomer

46
Q

vomer

A

1 bone

47
Q

EAR

A

6 bones

48
Q

Malleus

A

2 bones

49
Q

Incus

A

2 bones

50
Q

Stapes

A

2 bones

51
Q

is located in the neck, between the mandible and larynx. It is suspended from the styloid process of each temporal bone by ligaments and muscle.

A

HYOID BONE

52
Q

HYOID BONE

A

1 bone

53
Q

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

A

26 BONES

54
Q

protects the spinal cord, supports the head and neck,

A

The vertebral column

55
Q

FIVE SECTIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

A 
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae 
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum 
Coccyx
56
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 BONES

57
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 BONES

58
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 BONES

59
Q

Sacrum

A

1 BONE

60
Q

Coccyx

A

1 BONE

61
Q

are in the neck region.

A

Cervical vertebrae

62
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

7 BONES

63
Q

are posterior to the chest
cavity and serve as
attachments for the ribs.

A

Thoracic vertebrae

64
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

12 BONES

65
Q

form the lower back.

A

Lumbar vertebrae

66
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

5 BONES

67
Q

consists of 5 fused

vertebrae and forms the posterior wall of the pelvis. Blood vessels and nerves pass through the openings.

A

Sacrum

68
Q

Sacrum

A

1 BONE

69
Q

sometimes referred to as the
tailbone, consists of 4 fused
vertebrae

A

Coccyx

70
Q

NORMAL CURVATIVES OF THE SPINE

A

o Cervical curve
o Thoracic curve
o Lumbar curve
o Sacral curve

71
Q

ABNORMAL CURVATURES

A

o Scoliosis
o Kyphosis
o Lordosis

72
Q

is a lateral curvature of the spine, most often in the thoracic region.

A

Scoliosis

73
Q

or “hunchback,” is an

exaggerated thoracic curvature.

A

Kyphosis

74
Q

or “swayback,” is an exaggerated lumbar curvature.

A

Lordosis

75
Q

projects from the laminae; it serves as attachment point for muscles.

A

Spinous process

76
Q

are lateral extensions that serve as attachment

points for muscles.

A

Transverse processes

77
Q

The body is the thick, disc-shaped anterior

portion that bears weight.

A

Body

78
Q

THORACIC CAGE

A

25 BONES

79
Q

The ribs and sternum form the framework for

the thorax.

A

THORACIC CAGE

80
Q

attaches directly to the first through seventh pairs of ribs by a form of hyaline cartilage called costal cartilage.

A

Sternum

81
Q

Sternum

A

1 bone

82
Q

Ribs

A

24 bone

83
Q

are named based on

how they attach to the sternum

A

ribs

84
Q

rib pairs 1 through 7

A

true ribs

85
Q

rib pairs 8 through 12

A

false ribs

86
Q

rib pairs 11 and 12

A

floating ribs

87
Q

The next set of bones in the upper

body is the shoulder girdles or pectoral girdles, which attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

A

Pectoral Girdle

88
Q

Attached to the scapula is the

humerus, the longest bone in the upper body.

A

Upper Limbs

89
Q

which consists of the two hip bones.

A

pelvic girdle

90
Q

attach to the sacrum of the vertebral column posteriorly and with each other anteriorly to form the pubic symphysis.

A

coxal bones or os coxa

91
Q

composed of an ilium, an ischium, and a pubis that have fused to form a single unit.

A

coxal bone

92
Q

composed of a single bone proximally with increasing numbers of bones as one moves distally.

A

lower limb

93
Q

the longest single bone in the body.

A

femur (thigh bone)

94
Q

formed by the coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx.

A

bowl-shaped pelvis

95
Q

metatarsals

A

5 bones

96
Q

are like the metacarpals of the hand.

A

Metatarsals

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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