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ANAPHY > The Skeletal System > Flashcards

The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

are longer than they are wide and have knobby ends where the articulations form.

A

Long bones

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2
Q

shaft or body

A

Diaphysis

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3
Q

head of each end of a long bone

A

Epiphysis

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4
Q

marrow cavity or space that

contains yellow marrow

A

Medullary cavity

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5
Q

are equal in length and width, making them nearly cube-shaped.

A

Short bones

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6
Q

are thin and provide both protection and surfaces for muscle attachments.

A

Flat bones

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7
Q

have complex shapes, such as those of the face and vertebral column.

A

Irregular bones

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8
Q

help from bone by
secreting substances that comprise
the bone’s matrix.

A

Osteoblasts

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9
Q

dissolve unwanted or

unhealthy bone.

A

Osteoblasts

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10
Q

are mature osteoblasts

that have become entrapped in the hardened bone matrix.

A

Osteocytes

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11
Q

Collagen fibers in the matrix make bone highly resistant to stretching resistant to stretching forces

A

TENSILE STRENGTHS

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12
Q

Calcium salts allow bones to resist strong

squeezing forces

A

COMPRESSIONAL STRENGTHS

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13
Q

Bone lacks the ability to endure twisting, In fact, most bone fractures result when torsional forces are exerted on an arm or leg.

A

TORSIONAL STRENGTHS

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14
Q

SKELETAL SYSTEM

A

206 bones

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15
Q

SKULL

A

22 BONES

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16
Q

Cranium

A

8 bones

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17
Q

is the bony structure

housing the brain.

A

Cranium

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18
Q

forms the forehead, roofs of the eye sockets, and front part of the cranial floor.

A

Frontal

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19
Q

Frontal

A

1 bone

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20
Q

form the sides and roof of

the cranium

A

Parietal

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21
Q

Parietal

A

2 bones

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22
Q

form the lower side of the cranium and part of the cranial floor.

A

Temporal

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23
Q

Temporal

A

2 bones

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24
Q

forms the back part of the

skull and most of the cranial floor.

A

Occipital

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25
Occipital
1 bone
26
the middle of the cranial floor and is where all the other cranial bones attach, like the keystone joining two arches to form a doorway.
Sphenoid
27
Sphenoid
1 bone
28
forms the anterior part of the cranial floor, the medial part of the eye sockets, and superior portions of the nasal cavity.
Ethmoid
29
Ethmoid
1 bone
30
Face
14 bones
31
form the bridge of the nose.
nasal
32
nasal
2 bones
33
form the upper jawbone and join with all the other facial bones except the mandible (lower jawbone)
maxillary
34
maxillary
2 bones
35
or cheekbones, form the | cheek prominences and part of the wall of the eye sockets.
Zygomatic
36
Zygomatic
2 bones
37
the largest, strongest facial bone
Mandible
38
Mandible
1 bone
39
are the smallest, thinnest | bones on the medial eye socket.
lacrimal
40
lacrimal
2 bones
41
form the posterior portion of | the hard palate, part of the lower eye sockets, and part of the floor and the sides of the nasal cavity.
palatine
42
palatine
2 bones
43
project into the nasal cavity | to filter air before it passes toward the trachea and lungs.
inferior nasal conchae
44
inferior nasal conchae
2 bones
45
joins with the maxillae and the palatine bones to form the floor of the nasal cavity. Along with cartilage and the ethmoid bone, the single vomer forms the nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides.
Vomer
46
vomer
1 bone
47
EAR
6 bones
48
Malleus
2 bones
49
Incus
2 bones
50
Stapes
2 bones
51
is located in the neck, between the mandible and larynx. It is suspended from the styloid process of each temporal bone by ligaments and muscle.
HYOID BONE
52
HYOID BONE
1 bone
53
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
26 BONES
54
protects the spinal cord, supports the head and neck,
The vertebral column
55
FIVE SECTIONS OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
``` Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx ```
56
Cervical vertebrae
7 BONES
57
Thoracic vertebrae
12 BONES
58
Lumbar vertebrae
5 BONES
59
Sacrum
1 BONE
60
Coccyx
1 BONE
61
are in the neck region.
Cervical vertebrae
62
Cervical vertebrae
7 BONES
63
are posterior to the chest cavity and serve as attachments for the ribs.
Thoracic vertebrae
64
Thoracic vertebrae
12 BONES
65
form the lower back.
Lumbar vertebrae
66
Lumbar vertebrae
5 BONES
67
consists of 5 fused | vertebrae and forms the posterior wall of the pelvis. Blood vessels and nerves pass through the openings.
Sacrum
68
Sacrum
1 BONE
69
sometimes referred to as the tailbone, consists of 4 fused vertebrae
Coccyx
70
NORMAL CURVATIVES OF THE SPINE
o Cervical curve o Thoracic curve o Lumbar curve o Sacral curve
71
ABNORMAL CURVATURES
o Scoliosis o Kyphosis o Lordosis
72
is a lateral curvature of the spine, most often in the thoracic region.
Scoliosis
73
or “hunchback,” is an | exaggerated thoracic curvature.
Kyphosis
74
or “swayback,” is an exaggerated lumbar curvature.
Lordosis
75
projects from the laminae; it serves as attachment point for muscles.
Spinous process
76
are lateral extensions that serve as attachment | points for muscles.
Transverse processes
77
The body is the thick, disc-shaped anterior | portion that bears weight.
Body
78
THORACIC CAGE
25 BONES
79
The ribs and sternum form the framework for | the thorax.
THORACIC CAGE
80
attaches directly to the first through seventh pairs of ribs by a form of hyaline cartilage called costal cartilage.
Sternum
81
Sternum
1 bone
82
Ribs
24 bone
83
are named based on | how they attach to the sternum
ribs
84
rib pairs 1 through 7
true ribs
85
rib pairs 8 through 12
false ribs
86
rib pairs 11 and 12
floating ribs
87
The next set of bones in the upper | body is the shoulder girdles or pectoral girdles, which attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
Pectoral Girdle
88
Attached to the scapula is the | humerus, the longest bone in the upper body.
Upper Limbs
89
which consists of the two hip bones.
pelvic girdle
90
attach to the sacrum of the vertebral column posteriorly and with each other anteriorly to form the pubic symphysis.
coxal bones or os coxa
91
composed of an ilium, an ischium, and a pubis that have fused to form a single unit.
coxal bone
92
composed of a single bone proximally with increasing numbers of bones as one moves distally.
lower limb
93
the longest single bone in the body.
femur (thigh bone)
94
formed by the coxal bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
bowl-shaped pelvis
95
metatarsals
5 bones
96
are like the metacarpals of the hand.
Metatarsals

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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