Human Body Flashcards
six structural levels that our body can be studied
chemical, cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism.
deals with how different atoms like hydrogen and carbon interact to form molecules.
The Chemical Level
which is the basic unit of organisms, we try to correlate how a molecular substance affects a living organism.
The Cell Level
are combined cells that are similar. Their similarity in characteristics and surrounding materials determines its functions.
The Tissue Level
When two or more tissue types work together to perform one or more functions
Organ
Different tissues combine to form organs, such as the
urinary bladder.
Organ Level
This pertains to group of organs working together to sustain a specific function.
Organ System Level
Provides protection, regulates temperature,
prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Consists of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
Integumentary System
Provides protection and support, allows body
movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissues. Consists of bones, associated cartillages, ligaments and joints.
Skeletal System
Produces body movements, maintains posture,
and produces body heat. Consists of muscles attached to the skeleton by tendons.
Muscular System
Removes foreign substances from the blood
and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract. Consists of the lympathic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs.
Lymphatic System
Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide
between the blood and air and regulates the blood pH. Consist of the lungs and respiratory ligaments.
Respiratory System
Performs the mechanical and chemical
processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes. Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.
Digestive System
A major regulatory system that defects
sensations and controls movements, psychological processes, and intellectual functions. Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors.
Nervous System
A major regulatory system that influences
metabolism, growth, reproduction and many other functions. Consists of glands, such as the pituitary, that secret hormones.
Endocrine System
Transports nutrients, waste products, gases,
and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature. Consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Cardiovascular System
Removes waste products from the blood and
regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance. Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine.
Urinary System
Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization
and fetal development; produces milk for the new born; produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands, and associated structures.
Female Reproductive System
Produces and transfers sperm cells to the
female and produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors. Consists of the testes, accessory structures, ducts, and penis.
Male Reproductive System
Characteristics of Life
OMRGDR Organization Metabolism Responsiveness Growth Development Reproduction
Descriptions of any part of the human body
assume that the body is in a specific stance
the anatomical position
the body is lying face down
the prone position
he body is lying face up
the supine position
Divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides.
Sagittal Plane
Divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal Plane
Sagittal Plane
midsagittal plane
Frontal Plane
Coronal Plane
Divides the body horizontally into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Transverse Plane
Transverse Plane
Horizontal Plane
A cut through the long axis of the organ is a
longitudinal section
a cut at a right angle to the long axis
a transverse section, or cross section.
a cut is made across the long axis at other than a right angle
an oblique section
house the internal organs.
cavities
The two major body cavities
dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity
