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ANAPHY > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Muscles

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
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2
Q

Abilities of Skeletal Muscles

A 
• Contractility:
ability to shorten
• Excitability:
respond to stimulus
• Extensibility:
can stretch
• Elasticity:
recoil
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3
Q

ability to shorten

A

Contractility

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4
Q

respond to stimulus

A

Excitability

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5
Q

can stretch

A

Extensibility

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6
Q

recoil

A

Elasticity

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7
Q

• Makes up 40% of body weight

A

Skeletal Muscle

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8
Q

connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal

muscle (outside)

A

Epimysium

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9
Q

bundle of muscle fibers

A

Muscle fasciculus

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10
Q

connective tissue around each muscle fasciculus

A

Perimysium

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11
Q
  • skeletal muscle cells

- many nuclei

A

Muscle fiber

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12
Q

connective tissue that surrounds each muscle

fiber

A

Endomysium

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13
Q

thread-like proteins that make up muscle fibers

A

Myofibril

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14
Q
  • proteins that make up myofibrils

- Ex. actin and myosin

A

Myofilament

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15
Q

cytoplasm of muscle fiber (cell)

A

Sarcoplasm

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16
Q
  • cell membrane

- contains T-tubules

A

Sarcolemma

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17
Q
  • wrap around sarcomeres at A band

- associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

T-tubules (transverse)

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18
Q

type of SER

  • surrounds myosin
  • stores and releases Ca+
A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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19
Q
  • thin myofilament

- resemble 2 strands of pearls

A

Actin

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20
Q

thick myofilament

- resemble golf clubs

A

Myosin

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21
Q

attachment site on actin for Ca+

A

Troponin

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22
Q
  • filament on grooves of actin

- attachment site on actin for myosin

A

Tropomyosin

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23
Q
  • contractile unit

- contains actin and myosin

A

Sarcomere

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24
Q

protein fibers that form attachment site for actin

A

Z disk

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25
Q
  • center of sarcomere

- contains only myosin

A

H zone

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26
Q

contains only actin

A

I band

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27
Q

where actin and myosin overlap

A

A band

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28
Q

where myosin are anchored

A

M line

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29
Q

Na+
+ charge
Na+ channel closed

A

Outside cell

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30
Q

K+
- charge
Some K+ channels open

A

Inside Cell

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31
Q
  • “electricity”
  • stimulus that causes rapid depolarization and repolarization
  • causes muscle to contract
A

Action Potential

32
Q
  • change in charges
  • inside becomes more + and outside more –
  • Na+ channels open
A

Depolarization

33
Q
  • Na+ channels close

- change back to resting potential

A

Repolarization

34
Q

is made in mitochondria from aerobic or

anaerobic respiration.

A

ATP

35
Q

Striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle are due

to

A

sarcomeres (actin and myosin).

36
Q

weakest stimulus needed to produce a response

A

Threshold

37
Q

muscle contracts or doesn’t (no in between)

A

All or None Law

38
Q

rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle

A

Twitch

39
Q

muscle remains contracted

A

Tetanus

40
Q

amount of tension increases (weight)

A

Isometric

41
Q

amount of repetitions increases

A

Isotonic

42
Q

constant tension over a long period of time

A

Tone

43
Q

helps O2 bind in muscle

A

Myoglobin

44
Q

raises eyebrows (forehead)

A

Occipitofrontalis

45
Q

allows blinking (eyes)

A

Orbicularis oculi

46
Q

kissing muscle (mouth)

A

Orbicularis oris

47
Q

smiling muscle (cheek)

A

Zygomaticus

48
Q

chewing (mastication) muscle

A

Masseter

49
Q

elevate ribs for inspiration

A

External intercostals: 16.30

50
Q

depress ribs during forced expiration

A

Internal intercostals

51
Q

moves during quiet breathing

A

Diaphragm

52
Q
  • center of abdomen

- compresses abdomen

A

Rectus abdominis

53
Q
  • sides of abdomen

- compresses abdomen

A

External abdominal oblique

54
Q

compresses abdomen

A

Internal abdominal oblique

55
Q

compresses abdomen

A

Transverse abdominis

56
Q
  • shoulders and upper back

- extends neck and head

A

Trapezius

57
Q
  • chest

- elevates ribs

A

Pectoralis major

58
Q
  • between ribs

- elevates ribs

A

Serratus anterior

59
Q
  • shoulder

- abductor or upper limbs

A

Deltoid

60
Q
  • 3 heads

- extends elbow

A

Triceps brachii

61
Q
  • “flexing muscle”

- flexes elbow and shoulder

A

Biceps brachii

62
Q

flexes elbow

A

Brachialis

63
Q

flexes hip

A

Iliopsoas

64
Q
  • buttocks

- extends hip and abducts thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

65
Q
  • hip

- abducts and rotates thigh

A

Gluteus medius

66
Q

Quadriceps femoris

4 thigh muscles

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
mastus intermedius

67
Q
  • front of thigh

- extends knee and flexes hip

A

Rectus femoris

68
Q

adducts thigh and flexes knee

A

gracilis

69
Q
  • hamstring
  • back of thigh
  • flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip
A

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus,

semitendinosus

70
Q
  • front of lower leg

- inverts foot

A

Tibialis anterior

71
Q
  • calf

- flexes foot and leg

A

Gastrocnemius

72
Q
  • attaches to ankle

- flexes foot

A

Soleus

73
Q

1 centrally located

nucleus/cell

A

Cardiac muscle

74
Q

heart

A

cardiac muscle

75
Q 
- Found on organs
• 1 centrally located
nucleus/cell
• Not striated
• Less actin and myosin
• Under involuntary control
A

smooth muscle

ANAPHY (9 decks)

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