1. Skeletal 2. Cardiac 3. Smooth

Muscular System Flashcards by HANIN MAONG

Types of Muscles

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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Abilities of Skeletal Muscles

• Contractility:
ability to shorten
• Excitability:
respond to stimulus
• Extensibility:
can stretch
• Elasticity:
recoil

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ability to shorten

Contractility

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respond to stimulus

Excitability

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can stretch

Extensibility

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recoil

Elasticity

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• Makes up 40% of body weight

Skeletal Muscle

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connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal

muscle (outside)

Epimysium

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bundle of muscle fibers

Muscle fasciculus

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connective tissue around each muscle fasciculus

Perimysium

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skeletal muscle cells

- many nuclei

Muscle fiber

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connective tissue that surrounds each muscle

fiber

Endomysium

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thread-like proteins that make up muscle fibers

Myofibril

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proteins that make up myofibrils

- Ex. actin and myosin

Myofilament

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cytoplasm of muscle fiber (cell)

Sarcoplasm

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cell membrane

- contains T-tubules

Sarcolemma

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wrap around sarcomeres at A band

- associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum

T-tubules (transverse)

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type of SER

surrounds myosin
stores and releases Ca+

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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thin myofilament

- resemble 2 strands of pearls

Actin

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thick myofilament

- resemble golf clubs

Myosin

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attachment site on actin for Ca+

Troponin

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filament on grooves of actin

- attachment site on actin for myosin

Tropomyosin

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contractile unit

- contains actin and myosin

Sarcomere

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protein fibers that form attachment site for actin

Z disk

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- center of sarcomere | - contains only myosin

H zone

contains only actin

I band

where actin and myosin overlap

A band

where myosin are anchored

M line

Na+ + charge Na+ channel closed

Outside cell

K+ - charge Some K+ channels open

Inside Cell

- “electricity” - stimulus that causes rapid depolarization and repolarization - causes muscle to contract

Action Potential

- change in charges - inside becomes more + and outside more – - Na+ channels open

Depolarization

- Na+ channels close | - change back to resting potential

Repolarization

is made in mitochondria from aerobic or | anaerobic respiration.

ATP

Striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle are due | to

sarcomeres (actin and myosin).

weakest stimulus needed to produce a response

Threshold

muscle contracts or doesn’t (no in between)

All or None Law

rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle

Twitch

muscle remains contracted

Tetanus

amount of tension increases (weight)

Isometric

amount of repetitions increases

Isotonic

constant tension over a long period of time

Tone

helps O2 bind in muscle

Myoglobin

raises eyebrows (forehead)

Occipitofrontalis

allows blinking (eyes)

Orbicularis oculi

kissing muscle (mouth)

Orbicularis oris

smiling muscle (cheek)

Zygomaticus

chewing (mastication) muscle

Masseter

elevate ribs for inspiration

External intercostals: 16.30

depress ribs during forced expiration

Internal intercostals

moves during quiet breathing

Diaphragm

- center of abdomen | - compresses abdomen

Rectus abdominis

- sides of abdomen | - compresses abdomen

External abdominal oblique

compresses abdomen

Internal abdominal oblique

compresses abdomen

Transverse abdominis

- shoulders and upper back | - extends neck and head

Trapezius

- chest | - elevates ribs

Pectoralis major

- between ribs | - elevates ribs

Serratus anterior

- shoulder | - abductor or upper limbs

Deltoid

- 3 heads | - extends elbow

Triceps brachii

- “flexing muscle” | - flexes elbow and shoulder

Biceps brachii

flexes elbow

Brachialis

flexes hip

Iliopsoas

- buttocks | - extends hip and abducts thigh

Gluteus maximus

- hip | - abducts and rotates thigh

Gluteus medius

Quadriceps femoris | 4 thigh muscles

rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medialis mastus intermedius

- front of thigh | - extends knee and flexes hip

Rectus femoris

adducts thigh and flexes knee

gracilis

- hamstring - back of thigh - flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, | semitendinosus

- front of lower leg | - inverts foot

Tibialis anterior

- calf | - flexes foot and leg

Gastrocnemius

- attaches to ankle | - flexes foot

Soleus

1 centrally located | nucleus/cell

Cardiac muscle

heart

cardiac muscle

``` - Found on organs • 1 centrally located nucleus/cell • Not striated • Less actin and myosin • Under involuntary control ```

smooth muscle