Muscular System Flashcards
Types of Muscles
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Abilities of Skeletal Muscles
• Contractility: ability to shorten • Excitability: respond to stimulus • Extensibility: can stretch • Elasticity: recoil
ability to shorten
Contractility
respond to stimulus
Excitability
can stretch
Extensibility
recoil
Elasticity
• Makes up 40% of body weight
Skeletal Muscle
connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal
muscle (outside)
Epimysium
bundle of muscle fibers
Muscle fasciculus
connective tissue around each muscle fasciculus
Perimysium
- skeletal muscle cells
- many nuclei
Muscle fiber
connective tissue that surrounds each muscle
fiber
Endomysium
thread-like proteins that make up muscle fibers
Myofibril
- proteins that make up myofibrils
- Ex. actin and myosin
Myofilament
cytoplasm of muscle fiber (cell)
Sarcoplasm
- cell membrane
- contains T-tubules
Sarcolemma
- wrap around sarcomeres at A band
- associated with sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules (transverse)
type of SER
- surrounds myosin
- stores and releases Ca+
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- thin myofilament
- resemble 2 strands of pearls
Actin
thick myofilament
- resemble golf clubs
Myosin
attachment site on actin for Ca+
Troponin
- filament on grooves of actin
- attachment site on actin for myosin
Tropomyosin
- contractile unit
- contains actin and myosin
Sarcomere
protein fibers that form attachment site for actin
Z disk
- center of sarcomere
- contains only myosin
H zone
contains only actin
I band
where actin and myosin overlap
A band
where myosin are anchored
M line
Na+
+ charge
Na+ channel closed
Outside cell
K+
- charge
Some K+ channels open
Inside Cell
- “electricity”
- stimulus that causes rapid depolarization and repolarization
- causes muscle to contract
Action Potential
- change in charges
- inside becomes more + and outside more –
- Na+ channels open
Depolarization
- Na+ channels close
- change back to resting potential
Repolarization
is made in mitochondria from aerobic or
anaerobic respiration.
ATP
Striations of skeletal and cardiac muscle are due
to
sarcomeres (actin and myosin).
weakest stimulus needed to produce a response
Threshold
muscle contracts or doesn’t (no in between)
All or None Law
rapid contraction and relaxation of a muscle
Twitch
muscle remains contracted
Tetanus
amount of tension increases (weight)
Isometric
amount of repetitions increases
Isotonic
constant tension over a long period of time
Tone
helps O2 bind in muscle
Myoglobin
raises eyebrows (forehead)
Occipitofrontalis
allows blinking (eyes)
Orbicularis oculi
kissing muscle (mouth)
Orbicularis oris
smiling muscle (cheek)
Zygomaticus
chewing (mastication) muscle
Masseter
elevate ribs for inspiration
External intercostals: 16.30
depress ribs during forced expiration
Internal intercostals
moves during quiet breathing
Diaphragm
- center of abdomen
- compresses abdomen
Rectus abdominis
- sides of abdomen
- compresses abdomen
External abdominal oblique
compresses abdomen
Internal abdominal oblique
compresses abdomen
Transverse abdominis
- shoulders and upper back
- extends neck and head
Trapezius
- chest
- elevates ribs
Pectoralis major
- between ribs
- elevates ribs
Serratus anterior
- shoulder
- abductor or upper limbs
Deltoid
- 3 heads
- extends elbow
Triceps brachii
- “flexing muscle”
- flexes elbow and shoulder
Biceps brachii
flexes elbow
Brachialis
flexes hip
Iliopsoas
- buttocks
- extends hip and abducts thigh
Gluteus maximus
- hip
- abducts and rotates thigh
Gluteus medius
Quadriceps femoris
4 thigh muscles
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
mastus intermedius
- front of thigh
- extends knee and flexes hip
Rectus femoris
adducts thigh and flexes knee
gracilis
- hamstring
- back of thigh
- flexes knee, rotates leg, extends hip
Biceps femoris, semimembranosus,
semitendinosus
- front of lower leg
- inverts foot
Tibialis anterior
- calf
- flexes foot and leg
Gastrocnemius
- attaches to ankle
- flexes foot
Soleus
1 centrally located
nucleus/cell
Cardiac muscle
heart
cardiac muscle
- Found on organs • 1 centrally located nucleus/cell • Not striated • Less actin and myosin • Under involuntary control
smooth muscle