The Ties that Bind Flashcards
What are atoms made of?
electrons, protons and neutrons
What is the natural charge of atoms?
no charge, neutral
What gives an atom its neutral charge?
the same amount of protons and electrons
What are the two important classes of chemistry?
inorganic and organic
What is inorganic chemistry?
chemistry of small molecules, in both living and nonliving world
What is organic chemistry?
chemistry of large carbon bonded molecules
CHONPS?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur
Define: proton
hadron, positive electrical charge, with a mass of 1
Define: neutron
hadron, no charge, mass of 1
Define: electron
lepton, negative charge, has no mass
What is it called when the number of protons and electrons aren’t equal?
isotope
Define: isotope
unequal amount of protons and electrons
The number of protons make up the…
atomic number
The number of protons and neutrons make up the…
atomic mass
What happens when an atom becomes charged?
it becomes an ion
What happens when an atom loses an electron?
it has a positive charge
What happens when an atom gains an electron?
it has a negative charge
What makes an atom unstable?
if its outermost shell is not full
What are chemical bonds?
bonds that are formed when an atom is left unstable
Define: ionic bond
forms between two ions, but weak enough to be dissolved by water
Define: covalent bond
forms when a pair of electrons are shared
Define: double covalent bond
forms when two pairs of electrons are shared
Define: tripple covalent bond
forms when three pairs of electrons are shared
Define: polar covalent bond
forms when one large atom is bonded to a smaller atom, the electron spends a longer time with the larger atom
List the three week interactions
hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, van der waals forces
What are hydrogen bonds?
non-chemical bonds that are polar covalent that masker molecules stick if they encounter a charged surface
Properties of hydrogen bonds include…
a slightly positive hydrogen and a slightly negative oxygen
What is a hydrophobic interaction?
repulsion from water, herded together by the jostling of water
What are van der waal interactions?
when the negative charge of a cloud is slightly attracted to the positively charge nucleus
Why do covalent bonds become temporarily ionic?
rapidly switching poles
