Organic Molecules Flashcards
Define: polymer
Many monomers
Monomer of sugar?
Monosaccharide
What is a monomer of nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid
What is a monomer of protein?
Amino acid
What is a monomer of lipids?
Fatty acids
What are the important physical qualities for organic molecules?
- Kinds of atom present and their numbers
- The arrangement of atoms in the molecule
- Shape of the molecule
- Kings of molecule
How can you recognize a carbohydrate?
- 1:2:1 formula ratio
2. Ends in “ose”
Define: isomer
Different arrangements of a molecule w the same formula
How do monomers become polymers?
By dehydration synthesis
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.
The H from one molecule and the HO from another molecule form water and then the two molecules form a covalent bond.
What is hydrolysis?
It’s the process of polymers becoming monomers
What are the different groups of lipids?
- True fats and oils
- Waxes
- Isoprenoids
- Phenolic compounds
- Alkaloids
- Many pigments
- Steroids
COOH is ____________
Carboxyl acid
What are the two types of fats?
Saturated and unsaturated
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?
Saturated has no double bond, whereas unsaturated has a double bonded carbon
What is the difference between cis and trans fat?
In cis fats the hydrogens are on the same side, in trans fats the hydrogens are on opposites sides
Define: monomer
Single molecule
What is the difference between oils and fats?
Oils are unsaturated and fats are saturated
What are the properties of a phospholipid?
Polar hydrophilic head, and a non polar tail
What is it called when a molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts?
Anthipathic
What is the general formula for proteins?
amine + carboxyl group = amino acids
What are the four levels of a protein?
primary, secondary, tertiary, quartenary
What does the primary level do?
forms peptide bonds
What does the secondary level do?
interaction of proteins and water
beta pleated sheets are ______ in water
hydrophilic
alpha helixes are ____ in water
hydrophobic
What does the tertiary level do?
protein forms complicated shapes
At what level do most proteins begin to function?
at the tertiary level
What happens at the quarternary level?
tertiary proteins bunch together
What can help a protein correctly fold?
Chaperone proteins
Define: enzyme
proteins that dont create chemical reaction, but catalyzes it
If there is a hydrogen at Carbon-2 it is ___
deoxyribose (DNA)
If there is a hydroxide (OH-) at Carbon-2 it is ___
ribose (RNA)
What are the most important types of nucleotides?
adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil
