Organic Molecules

Question 1

Define: polymer

Answer 1

Many monomers

Question 2

Monomer of sugar?

Answer 2

Monosaccharide

Question 3

What is a monomer of nucleic acid?

Answer 3

Nucleic acid

Question 4

What is a monomer of protein?

Answer 4

Amino acid

Question 5

What is a monomer of lipids?

Answer 5

Fatty acids

Question 6

What are the important physical qualities for organic molecules?

Answer 6

1. Kinds of atom present and their numbers
2. The arrangement of atoms in the molecule
3. Shape of the molecule
4. Kings of molecule

Question 7

How can you recognize a carbohydrate?

Answer 7

1. 1:2:1 formula ratio

2. Ends in “ose”

Question 8

Define: isomer

Answer 8

Different arrangements of a molecule w the same formula

Question 9

How do monomers become polymers?

Answer 9

By dehydration synthesis

Question 10

Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.

Answer 10

The H from one molecule and the HO from another molecule form water and then the two molecules form a covalent bond.

Question 11

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 11

It’s the process of polymers becoming monomers

Question 12

What are the different groups of lipids?

Answer 12

1. True fats and oils
2. Waxes
3. Isoprenoids
4. Phenolic compounds
5. Alkaloids
6. Many pigments
7. Steroids

Question 13

COOH is ____________

Answer 13

Carboxyl acid

Question 14

What are the two types of fats?

Answer 14

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 15

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

Answer 15

Saturated has no double bond, whereas unsaturated has a double bonded carbon

Question 16

What is the difference between cis and trans fat?

Answer 16

In cis fats the hydrogens are on the same side, in trans fats the hydrogens are on opposites sides

Question 17

Define: monomer

Answer 17

Single molecule

Question 18

What is the difference between oils and fats?

Answer 18

Oils are unsaturated and fats are saturated

Question 19

What are the properties of a phospholipid?

Answer 19

Polar hydrophilic head, and a non polar tail

Question 20

What is it called when a molecule has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts?

Answer 20

Anthipathic

Question 21

What is the general formula for proteins?

Answer 21

amine + carboxyl group = amino acids

Question 22

What are the four levels of a protein?

Answer 22

primary, secondary, tertiary, quartenary

Question 23

What does the primary level do?

Answer 23

forms peptide bonds

Question 24

What does the secondary level do?

Answer 24

interaction of proteins and water

Question 25

beta pleated sheets are ______ in water

Answer 25

hydrophilic

Question 26

alpha helixes are ____ in water

Answer 26

hydrophobic

Question 27

What does the tertiary level do?

Answer 27

protein forms complicated shapes

Question 28

At what level do most proteins begin to function?

Answer 28

at the tertiary level

Question 29

What happens at the quarternary level?

Answer 29

tertiary proteins bunch together

Question 30

What can help a protein correctly fold?

Answer 30

Chaperone proteins

Question 31

Define: enzyme

Answer 31

proteins that dont create chemical reaction, but catalyzes it

Question 32

If there is a hydrogen at Carbon-2 it is ___

Answer 32

deoxyribose (DNA)

Question 33

If there is a hydroxide (OH-) at Carbon-2 it is ___

Answer 33

ribose (RNA)

Question 34

What are the most important types of nucleotides?

Answer 34

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil