ECM Flashcards
What forms the membrane?
The hydrophobic interaction of phospholipids
How is the phospholipid bilayer set up?
Water on the outer sides, phospholipids on the inside
Define: organelles
Little organs, parts of the cell that has a function
What are the 6 roles of the ECM?
- Isolate the cell from its surroundings
- Forms compartments within the cell
- Sensory and communication
- Organize biochemical reaction
- Protects cell
- Helps determine cell shape
What shape do cells fight to be?
Perfect sphere
What does cholesterol do?
It causes the membrane to stiffen
What are some important lipids?
Phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids and glycolipid
What are glycolipids?
Sugar
What are sphingolipids?
Lipids with an amino group
What are lipid micelles?
They form soap
T or F. All the phospholipids are the same per layer.
False. Phospholipids are different per layer.
Define: flippase
Enzymes that correct the flipped phospholipids
What are the two types of protein in a membrane?
Integral and peripheral
Define: integral protein
They are apart of the ECM and are stitched to the membrane
Define: peripheral protein
Proteins that are associated with the membrane but are on the outside of the membrane.
What is different about aquaporin?
It has beta pleated sheets that cause parts of it to be hydrophilic
What are lipid rafts?
Created when sphingolipids and cholesterol come together
Why are lipid rafts different?
Because they are thicker than normal membrane and they have longer tails
What are the roles of integral proteins?
- Enzymes
- Transport things, except water
- Receptors
- Cell-cell recognition
- Intercellular junction
- Binds cell to ECM
What is glycocalyx made up of?
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
What is the first layer of the ECM?
Glycocalyx
Define: glycolipids
Sugar tress
Where can you find sugar trees?
On all integral proteins and on some phospholipids
Which way do glycolipids face?
Sugar trees face the outside of the cell
What are the roles of the ECM
- Protects the cell
- Creates a gradient change
- Communication link
- Helps organize neighboring cells
- Determines cell shape
- Helps maintains water outside the cell
- Pathway for movement of cells, nutrients and water
How do things move through the ECM
Through apoplastic movement, diffusion or capillary action
What is glycosaminoglycans?
Sugar bonded to an amino acid and provides passageway between cells allowing cell migration
Define: fiber strength
The more fiber, the stronger and tougher it is
Some fibers are:
Elastin, laminin, collagen, fibronectin
What are integrins?
Integral proteins that specifically bind to components of the ECM and cytoplasm
T or F. All integral proteins are integrins.
False
What do integrins do?
They are receptors that are responsible for cellular adhesion and cell signaling
What is the outermost limit of the cell?
The extra cellular matrix
