ECM

Question 1

What forms the membrane?

Answer 1

The hydrophobic interaction of phospholipids

Question 2

How is the phospholipid bilayer set up?

Answer 2

Water on the outer sides, phospholipids on the inside

Question 3

Define: organelles

Answer 3

Little organs, parts of the cell that has a function

Question 4

What are the 6 roles of the ECM?

Answer 4

1. Isolate the cell from its surroundings
2. Forms compartments within the cell
3. Sensory and communication
4. Organize biochemical reaction
5. Protects cell
6. Helps determine cell shape

Question 5

What shape do cells fight to be?

Answer 5

Perfect sphere

Question 6

What does cholesterol do?

Answer 6

It causes the membrane to stiffen

Question 7

What are some important lipids?

Answer 7

Phospholipids, cholesterol, sphingolipids and glycolipid

Question 8

What are glycolipids?

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

What are sphingolipids?

Answer 9

Lipids with an amino group

Question 10

What are lipid micelles?

Answer 10

They form soap

Question 11

T or F. All the phospholipids are the same per layer.

Answer 11

False. Phospholipids are different per layer.

Question 12

Define: flippase

Answer 12

Enzymes that correct the flipped phospholipids

Question 13

What are the two types of protein in a membrane?

Answer 13

Integral and peripheral

Question 14

Define: integral protein

Answer 14

They are apart of the ECM and are stitched to the membrane

Question 15

Define: peripheral protein

Answer 15

Proteins that are associated with the membrane but are on the outside of the membrane.

Question 16

What is different about aquaporin?

Answer 16

It has beta pleated sheets that cause parts of it to be hydrophilic

Question 17

What are lipid rafts?

Answer 17

Created when sphingolipids and cholesterol come together

Question 18

Why are lipid rafts different?

Answer 18

Because they are thicker than normal membrane and they have longer tails

Question 19

What are the roles of integral proteins?

Answer 19

1. Enzymes
2. Transport things, except water
3. Receptors
4. Cell-cell recognition
5. Intercellular junction
6. Binds cell to ECM

Question 20

What is glycocalyx made up of?

Answer 20

Glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 21

What is the first layer of the ECM?

Answer 21

Glycocalyx

Question 22

Define: glycolipids

Answer 22

Sugar tress

Question 23

Where can you find sugar trees?

Answer 23

On all integral proteins and on some phospholipids

Question 24

Which way do glycolipids face?

Answer 24

Sugar trees face the outside of the cell

Question 25

What are the roles of the ECM

Answer 25

1. Protects the cell
2. Creates a gradient change
3. Communication link
4. Helps organize neighboring cells
5. Determines cell shape
6. Helps maintains water outside the cell
7. Pathway for movement of cells, nutrients and water

Question 26

How do things move through the ECM

Answer 26

Through apoplastic movement, diffusion or capillary action

Question 27

What is glycosaminoglycans?

Answer 27

Sugar bonded to an amino acid and provides passageway between cells allowing cell migration

Question 28

Define: fiber strength

Answer 28

The more fiber, the stronger and tougher it is

Question 29

Some fibers are:

Answer 29

Elastin, laminin, collagen, fibronectin

Question 30

What are integrins?

Answer 30

Integral proteins that specifically bind to components of the ECM and cytoplasm

Question 31

T or F. All integral proteins are integrins.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What do integrins do?

Answer 32

They are receptors that are responsible for cellular adhesion and cell signaling

Question 33

What is the outermost limit of the cell?

Answer 33

The extra cellular matrix