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Mr Silverman - History > The Third Reform Act(s) > Flashcards

The Third Reform Act(s) Flashcards

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1
Q

3rd Reform Act - Summarise the views & aims of Gladstone (Liberal leader)

A
  • wants to be popular, needs an idea, reform would fit
  • isn’t massively radical, thinks greater Irish representation may be beneficial
  • thinks Franchise extension would benefit liberals
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2
Q

3rd Reform Act - Summarise the views & aims of Hartington (Leading Whig)

A
  • wants a redistribution bill, to counter the effects of any franchise extension
  • doesn’t agree with Gladstone’s foreign policy
  • more concerned about Chamberlain potentially being Prime Minister
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3
Q

3rd Reform Act - Summarise the views & aims of Chamberlain (Leading Radical)

A
  • needed a radical measure to restore reforming credentials
  • really ambitious in advancing radical cause
  • aspires to have a radical government & with him as Prime Minister
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4
Q

3rd Reform Act - Summarise the views & aims of Salisbury (Conservative leader)

A
  • saw redistribution as essential
  • needed to defend the conservative party’s priviledges & leadership
  • did not fear the extension of the franchise
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5
Q

What role did Hartington play in the passing of the 3rd Reform Act

A
  • forced to accept Gladstone’s priority of franchise extension
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6
Q

What role did Chamberlain play in the passing of the 3rd Reform Act

A
  • When the reform bill is defeated in the HofL, Chamberlain launches his ‘Peers vs People’ campaign
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7
Q

What role did Salisbury play in the passing of the 3rd Reform Act

A

Arlington Street Compact

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8
Q

What was the Arlington Street Compact

A

An agreement between gladstone & Salisbury
inwhich they agreed a compromise of a franchise extension & redistribution

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9
Q

What was the Arlington Street Compact based on the principle of

A
  • the majority of MPs would be elected in single-member constituencies.
  • In many existing two-member boroughs one Whig and one Radical were nominated by agreement, often leading to uncontested elections
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10
Q

What was A Liberal or Tory opposition to the Arlington Street Compact

A
  • In many existing two-member boroughs one Whig and one Radical were nominated by agreement, often leading to uncontested elections
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11
Q

What did Salisbury percieve as the Conservative benefits from the Arlington Street Compact

A
  • The majority of MPs would be elected in single-member constituencies,
  • which would minimise the adverse effect on the Conservatives of the extension of the vote:
  • dividing the counties would allow Liberal voting and Conservative voting districts to be separated.
  • The division of boroughs would allow the suburban areas of towns to be represented separately from the inner cities, allowing the growth of “Villa Toryism”.
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12
Q

When was the Reform Act passed

A

1884

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13
Q

When was the Redistribution Act passed

A

1885

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14
Q

What was included in the 1884 Reform Act

A
  • creates householder franchise in the counties
  • adds 2.5 million voters, almost doubling the electorate (bigger increase than 1867)
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15
Q

What was included in the 1885 Redistribution Act

A
  • Small boroughs >15,000 lose their MPs
  • those >50,000 lose one MP
  • 142 seats were redistributed mainly into single member constituencies
  • Large urban areas were divided
  • Nearly all constituencies were single member and were of a similar size in terms of population
  • 24 Boroughs retained two members.
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16
Q

What continuities were there in the Redistribution of seats act

A
  • lreland remains over represented
  • Boroughs & counties are kept distinct & separate
  • University seats stay the same
17
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Franchise

A
  • A larger electorate
  • By 1911, 40% of all adult males were not enfranchised
  • plural voting continued
  • the complexities of the registration & the residential qualification disenfranchised many working men
18
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Franchise (who couldn’t vote)

A
  • the complexities of the registration & the residential qualification disenfranchised many working men
  • women, domestic servants residents with employers, sons living with parents, soldiers & those receiving for releif couldn’t vote
19
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Redistribution

A
  • reflected the huge growth of urban centres & their suburbs
  • first time representation of different regions was related to population
20
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Redistribution Continuities

A
  • The north was still a little underrepresented
  • Rural areas & the South were still overrepresented
  • Anomalously, Ireland remained overrepresnted
21
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - The Parties: Liberals

A
  • Chamberlain & Whigs concerned at the impact of losing the small 2 member boroughs seized the opportunity to launch a campaign to win the new rural voters for radicalism
22
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - The Parties: Conservatives

A
  • Salisbury viewed redistribution as a means of protecting Tory Landowners from the new electorate
  • benefitted from the splitting of previous radical cities into several divisons, they soon dominated the Suburban middle class constituencies ‘villa toryism’
23
Q

What is meant by Villa Toryism

A
  • the ability of the Tories to win middle class votes in the suburbs
24
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Electoral Practise

A
  • the corrupt practises act & registration meant organisation was essential
  • restrictions on expenditure required an increase in voluntary spending work by party activists
  • increasingly national campaigns
  • bribery reduced, MPs remaing unpaid was a persistent restriction
  • election agents need to be paid for organising campaigns, to esnure your voters get registered
25
Q

What was the impact of the third reform act(s) - Property of the landowning class

A
  • undoubtedly sped up the decline in political power of the landowning aristocracy
  • aristocracy in cabinet declining, but not dissapeared
  • stranglehold of landowners gone forever
  • position of middle classes rising, more MPs from this background, elecoral system dominated by suburban interests
26
Q

What would single member constituencies change

A

Whigs & Radicals working together

27
Q

Why might the Whigs not like single member constituencies

A

radicals would probably beat them

28
Q

Why might Torie in the boroughs benefit

A

Villa Toryism - more likely to get votes in urban areas

29
Q

What was more significant, the extension of the franchise or redistribution

A

Redistribution of the constituencies had a multiplier effect of extending the franchise

30
Q

What policy changes would the parties be likely to take on board

A

Attracting support from working classes in rural areas, & middle classes in urban areas

31
Q

Was the 3rd Reform Act the most significant reform act

A
  • change in both the boroughs & the counties, increasing the franchise more than ever before
  • representation finally sort of based off population, verging on democratic
  • HOWEVER, prior acts more groundbreakung as nothing had come before them
32
Q

What is significant about how the 3rd reform came about

A
  • shows the attitude to reform has changed completely, it did not come about because of a major crisis
33
Q

Who gained the most in parliament from the 3rd reform actt

A
  • Salisbury, who successfully defended party interests
34
Q

Britain was still not a democract after 1884 but there was no widespread demand for further parliamentary reform. How can this be explained?

A
  • less people want access to vote as householders basically have it
35
Q
  • Which of the 6 points of the Charter had been achieved by 1885
A
  • secret ballot
  • no land requirement
  • equal constitencies (1/2)
36
Q

What were the similarities between the content of the 3rd, & 1st/2nd reform acts

A
  • focusing on franchise & redistribution
37
Q

What were the differences between the process of the 3rd, & 1st/2nd reform acts

A
  • 3rd is passed in 2 acts
  • Who passes it:
  • 1st - Tories
  • 2nd - Liberals
  • 3rd - Both
38
Q

What were the differences between the orgins of the 3rd, & 1st/2nd reform acts

A
  • 3rd - no popular pressure
  • parties trying to beenfit themselves self interested

Mr Silverman - History (30 decks)

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