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Mr Silverman - History > Summative evaluation of why the CDAs were repealed > Flashcards

Summative evaluation of why the CDAs were repealed Flashcards

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1
Q

Background, origins & influences

Ladies National Association - why did it form

A
  • a separate assocation for women, the LNA, was formed because initially, the National Association excluded females
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2
Q

Background, origins & influences

Ladies National Association - how did individuals found the movement

A
  • In December 1869, Elizabeth Wolestenholme asked Butler with whom she had worked to promote womens’ higher eucation, to organise the women’s campaign
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3
Q

Background, origins & influences

Ladies National Association - what background were members from

A
  • leaders mostly came from affluent, educated, middle class backgrounds - to hold most credibility in society & avoid charges of impropriety
  • they had the time; financial independence; & moral & political commitment to devote their energy to the repeal of the movement
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4
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Ladies National Association - how widespread was the movement?

A
  • Nationwide network made from provinvial & local branches
  • together with the NARCDA, held 900 public meetings
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5
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Ladies National Association - how did they gain publicty, 1869

A
  • 1869 - Ladies’ Protest published in the Daily News, signed by 124 members
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6
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Ladies National Association - how did they gain publicty, 1875

A
  • 1875 - The Shield (LNA newspaper) publicised the suicide of Mrs Percy
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7
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Ladies National Association - what displayed their widespread support

A
  • organised 18,000 petitions containing >2.5 million signatures
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8
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Ladies National Association - how did they assert higher-political pressure

A

challenging liberal candidates at by-elections

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9
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Ladies National Association - what was the effect of the LNA’s protest

A
  • LNA protest attracted wide-spread publicity
  • the participation of females astonished & perplexed the press & the govt
  • LNA protest caused a sensation
  • LNA leaders injected energy & vitality into the repeal campaign
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10
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Ladies National Association - in what ways did they depend on men?

A
  • got the support of working men
  • did the LNA have to rely on men for support?
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11
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Ladies National Association - what was the significance of the Shield’s publication 1875

A
  • The Shield’s publication of Mrs Percy’s suicide re-energised the movement when it was fading
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12
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Ladies National Association - what were the 2 keys strengths of the movement

A
  • gained publicity in the press & made MPs question the idea of repeal
  • maintained unity
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13
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Ladies National Association - comparitively how significant was this organisation?

A

Far more effective than the National Association - laid the groundwork for opposition BUT the LNA did not attract much Parliamentary support.

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14
Q

Background, origins & influences

Josephine Butler - why did she become motivated to campaign

A
  • Gained a love of justice from her father, who supported the abolition of slavery
  • After her daughter died in 1864, in Liverpool, she took prostitutes into her home & set up a ‘home of rest’
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15
Q

Background, origins & influences

Josephine Butler - personality

A
  • charismatic leader, appealed to men aswell as women
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16
Q

Background, origins & influences

Josephine Butler - speaking skills

A

gifted speaker captured the popular imagiation, inspired deep-loyalty amongst co-workers, maintaing a united movement

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17
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - organisation

A
  • admittedly lacked organisation
  • BUT was supported by committed, strong-minded and hard-working colleagues, who were deeply loyal to her
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18
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - leadership

A
  • Charismatic leader
  • her skills include focus on the issue and ensuring unity
  • thus influenced/roused members of the public with her energetic campaigning and spearheaded the campaign
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19
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - dominance in the LNA

A
  • stood out by force of her personality, which in turn enabled her to dominate the LNA & guide its policy
  • like many of the leaders of the LNA she brought a wealth of campaigning the repeal of the movement
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20
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - 1870 negative reaction

A
  • 1870: at the Colchester by-election - attacked by brothel-keepers and with flour and excrement
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21
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - belief which made her appeal widespread

A
  • called for the diffusion of the ‘home influence’ across society
22
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Josephine Butler - travel

A
  • 1870 - travelled 3700 miles & addressed 99 meetings
23
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Josephine Butler - evaluate what were her 3 main strengths/ achievements through her charisma

A
  • was able to build support across both classes & genders
  • challenged the double standard which justified male access to ‘impure’ women
  • inspired many more women to fight for women’s rights
24
Q

significance: impact on repeal?

Joesphine Butler: Ladies National Association - comparitively how significant was she?

A
  • The LNA may not have been as successful without her leadership and she did garner the support of working class men BUT she lacked organisation
25
Q

Background, origins & influences

James Stansfeld - why did he start supporting the movement

A
  • Following the defeat of the Liberal govt in 1874, James Stansfeld, a strong advocate of repeal, was relieved from his responsibilities as a Cabinet minister.
  • This allowed him to give his full support to repeal
26
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

James Stansfeld - national leadership

A
  • He assumed national leadership of the movement and set about making it a more effective pressure group
  • e.g. more electoral leagues established; drive to win over working men and residents of subjected districts
27
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

James Stansfeld - statistical approach

A
  • Aimed to beat regulationists ‘on their own ground’ i.e. more facts and medical statistics to show the Acts failed to control spread of disease
28
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

James Stansfeld - 1875

A
  • Encouraged formation of the National Medical Association to enlist the support of doctors
29
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

James Stansfeld - 1883

A
  • Introduced motion in House of Commons that ‘the House disapproves of the compulsory examination of women under the Contagious Diseases Acts’
30
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

James Stansfeld - how did this lead to repeal in 1886?

A
  • Stansfeld garnered support of m/class and w/class and made the movement for repeal a more effective pressure group
  • He put significant pressure on the government
31
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

James Stansfeld - how did he operate both inside & outside of parliament

A
  • inside paliament, there was an increasing n. of liberal MPs, especially newly elected radical ones, who were committed to the repeal & other moral issues
  • outside parliament, there was a growing support for repeal in working men’s clubs, in the east-end of London among m/c workers
  • parliament finally repealed the acts in 1886, from identifying the acts were ineffective without compulsory examination
32
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

James Stansfeld - comparitively how significant was he?

A
  • V important when working both in and outside Parliament as he was able to put pressure on the government as well as create a more effective movement for repeal
33
Q

Background, Origins, Influences

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - what was formed

A
  • 1872-3: many different Christian denominations organised their own regional electoral leagues
34
Q

Background, Origins, Influences

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - individual influence

A
  • Henry Wilson at a national level, cutivated the support of the liberal party
35
Q

Background, Origins, Influences

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - what were they against

A
  • Nationwide repealers, who perceived themselves as outsiders,
  • were united in their hatred of ‘immoral aristocrats’,
  • who they believed dominated the government, the military & medical profession
36
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - varied support

A
  • men & women formed separate organisations & developed distinctive methods of agitation
  • working mens national league established
  • depended on financial support from non-conformists + influential trade union leaders
37
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - challenging MPs

A
  • challenged, & effectively embarrassed liberal candidates at by-elections:
  • In 1870, repealers successfully opposed Henry Storks in Colchester
38
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - enabled women to influence parliament

A
  • petitioning was used widely as it was the only consistutional way in which women, who were unable to vote, could influence parliament
39
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - Henry Wilson, aquiring support

A
  • Henry Wilson was a brilliant organiser, who cultivated the support of the Liberal Party at a national level
40
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - Henry Wilson (early 1880s)

A
  • Early 1880s: Henry Wilson & fellow campaigners in regional leagues helped to create a political committee of Liberal MPs to push for repeal in Parliament
41
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - comparitively how significant was it

A
  • Important as these regional groups helped influence and gain support of Liberal MPS
  • Also helped to make the movement a mass and nationwide one
42
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

Nationwide Grassroots Movement - How did this help lead to repeal?

A
  • Wilson was a hard worker and created awareness of repeal
  • Grassroots movements cultivated the support of Liberal MPs
  • Got the support of w/c as well as business men therefore also got financial help
  • Challenged Liberal MPs at by elections like Henry Storks
43
Q

Background, Origins, Influences

Parliamentary Action - why was it important

A
  • since only parliament could repeal the contagious diseases acts it was crucial to win the support of Mps
44
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Parliamentary Action - how was constant support provided

A
  • private member’s bills were regularly introduced in parliament
45
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Parliamentary Action - 1870s

A
  • Early 1870s - Liberal govt set up an inquiry
  • Throughout the 1870s - Private members’ bills introduced in Parliament regarding repeal of the CDAs,
  • BUT were not passed, as they lacked substantial support from the main parties
46
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Parliamentary Action - 1879

A
  • 1879 - Conservative govt appointed another committee of inquiry
47
Q

Main features of campaign - tactics & actions

Parliamentary Action - 1880s

A
  • 1880: Liberals returned to power and Stansfeld made a Cabinet minister.
48
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

Parliamentary Action - How did this help lead to repeal in 1886?

A

Liberals became increasingly in favour of reform and it was the government that eventually repealed the acts.

49
Q

Significance: impact or repeal?

Parliamentary Action - How significant was it?

A

Parliament played a key role in repealing legislation but only because of the pressure of the repeal movement.

50
Q

How did Daniel Cooper campaign for the repeal of the CDAs

A

organised a meeting of the maangers of London’s female rescue homes in order to oppose plans to extend the system of regulation

51
Q

Who was Daniel Cooper

A

Leader of the Northern Counties League

52
Q

Significance: impact on repeal?

Daniel Cooper

A
  • Though their propaganda had little affect & the 1869 Act was passed, foundations had been laid
  • In 1869, the National Association for the repeal of the CDAs was formed

Mr Silverman - History (32 decks)

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