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Mr Silverman - History > The First Reform Act 1830-32 > Flashcards

The First Reform Act 1830-32 Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
Large…

A

Large enough to satisfy public opinion

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2
Q

What does “large enough to satisfy public opinion” mean

A
  • Big enough of a change to give the people what they want
  • sufficient enough to lessen support for protest
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3
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
To afford…

A

To afford sure ground for resistance to further innovation

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4
Q

What does “To afford sure ground for resistance to further innovation” mean

A

to eliminate any basis for encouraging extra-parliamentary protest

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5
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
Based on…

A

Based on property

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6
Q

What does “based on property” mean

A
  • protects the power of the landowners - keep middle & upper classes on side
  • critically, the less well off people will not be considered for suffrage from the offset
  • basis is age or sex
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7
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
[Based on] existing…

A

Based on existing franchises & territorial division

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8
Q

What does “Based on existing franchises & territorial division” mean

A

won’t affect the people who already get to vote, & will continue to use counties & boroughs

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9
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
Run no…

A

Run no risk of overthrowing the existing form of government

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10
Q

What does “Run no risk of overthrowing the existing form of government” mean

A

Protects the landowners & aristocracy already in power

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11
Q

What were the aims of the Drafting Committee in December 1830
Lord Macauley

A

“Reform that ye may preserve”

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12
Q

What does “Reform that ye may preserve” mean

A
  • give a little bit of change(some concessions),
  • to allow the aristocracy to keep their power (most of what they want)
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13
Q

What was immediately removed from the proposal in January 1931

A

The secret ballot

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14
Q

Why did the reform act pass
two main individuals pressuring from above

A

Earl Grey
Lord John Russell

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15
Q

To what extent did the Great Reform Act satisfy those who demanded reform

A

-lowered amount of property needed to be able to vote

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16
Q

To what extent did the Great Reform Act achieve ‘Reform that ye may preserve’

A

-lowered amount of property needed to be able to vote
-land given to affluent upper middle class members

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17
Q

To what extent did the Great Reform Act meet the political interest of the Whigs

A

they have control of government until 1874 with the exception of 5 years, so act sustained their power

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18
Q

To what extent did the Great Reform Act solve the problems of the unreformed electoral system

A
  • polling & elections was to be limited to last 2 days in all constituencies, so lower bad behaviour at elections, less expensive & restricts district landowners voting in multiple areas
  • more voters means more workers are closer to being represented
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19
Q

To what extent did the Great Reform Act reflect the power and pressure being exerted by the working classes

A
  • many rotten boroughs were disenfranchised, so redistribution occured which led to more accurate representation of populations
20
Q

Why did the reform act pass
8 October 1831 pressure from below (riots)

A
  • In Nottingham & Derby riots broke out - not just in Industrial cities Exeter, Plymouth too
  • Bristol: Bristol MPs (votes against the bill) house was burned down, city centre was ruined
21
Q

Why did the reform act pass
8 October 1831 The BPU

A
  • Better Organisation : Under the leadership of attwood, the BPU organised a huge march in Birmingham consisting of a wide section of society, including bankers & coal miners.(inc the middle classes)
  • This led to The Times newspapers warning the HoL not to reject the bill
22
Q

What was the issues which sparked threat from the middle class in the Days of May
support of the ultras

A
  • Wellington still lacked support - Ultras have not forgiven him for pushing through Catholic Emancipation in 1829
23
Q

What was the issues which sparked threat from the middle class in the Days of May
support of the HoC

A
  • Peel lacked support in the House of Commons - like Wellington, he was seen as a traitor by many Tories, especially the Ultras
24
Q

What was the issues which sparked threat from the middle class in the Days of May
Political Unions

A
  • Hence, political Unions were determined to do all they could to block any Tory administration.
25
Q

What did To stop the Duke, go for gold mean in the Days of May

A

this would involve those holding paper money to demand its gold equivalent from the banks thus causing a financial crisis.

26
Q

What is the slogan that displayed the threat posed by the middle classes in the days of may

A

To stop the Duke, go for gold

27
Q

What was the consequence of the Days of May
(1) William IV asks Grey….

A
  • William IV asks Grey to form a new Ministry, given that few Tories were willing to serve in a Wellington ministry.
28
Q

What was the consequence of the Days of May
(2) William IV asks Grey to form a new Ministry, given that few Tories were willing to serve in a Wellington ministry…………

A
  • The king therefore had little choice
29
Q

What was the consequence of the Days of May
(3) The king therefore had little choice so……..

A
  • Grey agrees to become Prime Minister on condition that William IV would create 100 new lords, which would enable the bill to pass in the house of lords (political gameplay, not scared of reform)
30
Q

Name 2 reasons why the Great Reform Act happened

A

-high political tactics
-popular pressure

31
Q

Give an argument for and against as to if there was threat of revolution

A

THREAT:
* BPU meetings showed organisation
* changes in support with middle and working classes collaborating
* violence
NO THREAT:
* containable within the govt’s power

32
Q

Name the selfish reason as to why the Whigs were motivated to pass the act

A

gaining support to gain stable power in government, in other words, the selfish managing of their own political advantage

33
Q

Name the unselfish reason as to why the Whigs were motivated to pass the act

A

protecting the country out of fear or revolution, following the trajectory of protests

34
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Whig Intentions

A

No change
*Grey wants to preserve the Aristocratic government
*seeks to shore up support for the established system
*reform that ye may preserve

35
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Number of voters

A

mild change
12.7 - 20% increase in the proportion of the male population could vote

36
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Psychology of change

A
  • -if the constitution would change, there would be an influx of new voters
  • -arguments that the constitution cannot be changed are no longer valid, so it seems increasingly prevalent that it is not possible to deny respectable citizens the vote
37
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
The monarchy

A
  • Significant change
  • -the King was susceptible to the pressure to appoint new Whigs which allowed the reform act to pass in the House of Lords
  • -In 1932, the King’s power to appoint & dismiss ministers was clearly diminished
38
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
General elections become more significant

A

In 1841, it was the first time that in an election, a government with majority in parliament is defeated by an opposition in election

39
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Contested elections

A

Significant change
-the number of seats contested in elections more than doubles after 1832

40
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
composition of the house of commons

A

little change:
-landed interest still dominates as middle class don’t have enough time or money, whereas MPs can do the job from 21+ as they have already made their money

41
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
power of the house of lords

A
  • Significant change & diminishing power in relation to the House of Commons
  • After 1932, the HoC clear connection to the electorate allows it to become the dominant branch of government
42
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Party connection to voters

A
  • Mild change:
  • most voters are increasingly polarised in seeing themselves as either Tory or Whig
  • a greater feeling of the accountability of workers & also a greater need to appeal to the increasing number of voters
  • greater responsibility to the ‘people’
43
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Political behaviour

A
  • Little change
  • the absence of a secret ballot means bribery and corruption, and intimidation continue.
  • elections remain rowdy and unpleasant affairs
44
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Professionalism of parties

A
  • Bigger change:
  • voters who qualified for the vote had to be registered, so parties had to work hard to make sure they were secured support
  • parties also became a legal issue, involving lawyers, as parties have to be organised in order to secure their voters onto the list
45
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Qualification

A
  • mixed change
  • low rateable land values - in some boroughs qualification is tighter with less chance of voting
  • the county franchise grows marginally to small landowners loyal to large landowners (resulting in an inconsistency between rich & poor areas)
46
Q

Impacts of the 1832 Reform Act
Representation

A
  • Mixed change
  • there were improvements in terms of removing some rotten boroughs and redistributing seats to areas whose population had grown
  • However, in rural areas, and the south of England remain overrepresented which ensures many large landowners retain their power

Mr Silverman - History (30 decks)

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