The Third Crusade and Saladin’s dominance Flashcards
Where did the first reinforcements from the West come from after Hattin in 1188?
Norman Sicily
What strategic territory from Tyre to Jaffa was restored by the Third Crusade?
Levantine coast
Pilgrim access to which site was guaranteed by the Truce of Jaffa in September 1192?
Holy Sepulchre
Which nephew of Saladin left the siege of Acre in March 1191 and did not return?
Taqi al-Din
Whose kingship was undermined by the death of Queen Sibylla outside Acre in 1190?
Guy of Lusignan
Which fortification was Richard I forced to dismantle and surrender due to the truce with Saladin?
Ascalon
Which city did Richard I retake from Saladin’s recent conquest in July-August 1192?
Jaffa
Whose death in June 1190, whilst crossing Anatolia, destroyed the German part of the Third crusade?
Frederick I
Which king of Jerusalem was assassinated on the streets of Tyre in April 1192?
Conrad
Who restored unity to the kingdom of Jerusalem as ruler from May 1192?
Henry of Champagne
Which French king returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in late July 1191?
Philip II
Which city was not captured by the Third crusaders despite two marches in 1192?
Jerusalem
At which battle was Saladin defeated by Richard I as he marched south from Acre in August 1191?
Arsuf
Which island’s conquest in 1191 greatly added to the security of the crusader states?
Cyprus
Which Latin action ended successfully after 23 months following Richard I and Philip II’s arrival?
Siege of Acre
Which truce ended the Third Crusade in early September 1192?
Treaty of Jaffa
Which king of Jerusalem came to the throne in 1174 afflicted with leprosy?
Baldwin IV
Which Muslim leader succeeded in encircling the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 1170s and 1180s?
Saladin
Whose coup in 1186 brought the controversial Frenchman Guy of Lusignan to Jerusalem’s throne?
Sibylla
Whose death in 1186 shattered the political unity of the Kingdom of Jerusalem until 1192?
Baldwin V
Which town was besieged by Saladin in early July 1187 after the truce was broken by Raynald of Chatillon’s attack on a caravan?
Tiberias
When did Jerusalem fall to Saladin after a two-week siege?
October 1187
Which city’s new leader Conrad resisted Saladin in July 1187 and again between November 1187 and January 1188?
Tyre
What was the name of crusading bull that launched the Third Crusade in October 1187?
Audita Tremendi
Which pope issued Audita Tremendi in October 1187 in response to defeat at Hattin?
Gregory VIII
Which city did Guy besiege from 1189 after his release by Saladin?
Acre
Who did Conrad of Montferrat marry in 1190 to claim the throne (though both were already married)?
Queen Isabella
What was used by Richard I and Philip II to raise funds for the Third Crusade?
Saladin Tithe
When did Saladin die from a fever at Damascus?
March 1193
In the summer of which year did Saladin take most of the coastal castles and towns of the states of Tripoli and Antioch?
1188
When did Saladin’s initial major attack fail to dislodge the Latins besieging Acre?
October 1189
A fleet from which Italian city arrived in Outremer in 1189 and prevented Saladin from blockading Tyre?
Pisa
Who sent 50 ships to aid the remaining Frankish territories of Tripoli and Antioch in 1188?
William II of Sicily
When did the Archbishop of Pisa arrive at Tyre with 52 ships, thus preventing Saladin’s naval blockade?
April 1189
Fifty ships commanded by nobles of which kingdom arrived in Outremer in early September 1189?
Denmark
Who did Saladin accompany to Egypt in the 1160s?
Shirkuh
Saladin distinguished himself at which battle against Amalric of Jerusalem in March 1167?
al-Babayn
In what year did Saladin become dominant in Egypt after Shirkuh’s death?
1169
The siege of which Frankish castle did Saladin abandon in October 1171 to Nureddin’s annoyance?
Montreal
In which year did Saladin fail to offer meaningful assistance to Nureddin’s siege of Kerak?
1173
What did Nureddin send to Egypt in 1173, demonstrating suspicion of Saladin’s loyalty?
Auditors
What did Saladin bring to an end in September 1171?
Fatimid dynasty
Where did Saladin use capable administrators such as Qadi al-Fadil and al-Makhzumi to generate huge wealth?
Egypt
Who did Saladin formally recognise as overlord of Egypt between 1169 and 1174?
Nureddin
Which son and heir of Nureddin did Saladin claimed to be working for him but instead worked against him?
al-Salih
Who did Saladin send to conquer Yemen from Muslims he claimed were heretical, in the years 1174 to 1176?
Turanshah
Which Red Sea castle was recaptured by Saladin from the Franks in December 1170?
Aila
Which widow of Nureddin did Saladin marry in 1176 to increase the legitimacy of his claim to be ‘Sultan of Egypt and Syria’?
Ismat
Victory over the Zengids at which battle, in April 1175, left Saladin in control of Damascus, Baalbek and Homs?
Horns of Hama
Which Emir of Erbil and Zengid supporter, opposed Saladin at the Horms of Hama but then defected to support him in 1182?
Gokbori
At which battle was Saladin was victorious over Sayf al-Din in April 1176?
Tell Sultan
Which sister of Saladin was married to his key supporter Gokbori in the 1180s to cement his loyalty?
Rabia Khatun
Which sister of Saladin was married to the emir of Homs to greater bind him to the Ayyubids?
Zumurrud
Which ruler of Homs plotted to exploit Saladin’s expected death in 1186 but then died himself of excessive drinking?
Muhammad ibn Shirkuh
Which Abbasid caliph acknowledged Saladin as ‘Sultan of Egypt and Syria’ in 1176?
al-Mustadi
When did Saladin’s forces successfully clash with Kilij Arslan II’s to keep territory taken by Nureddin in 1173?
1179
With which Sultan of Rum did Saladin have an uneasy and mutually untrusting relationship?
Kilij Arlsan II
In what year was Saladin criticised by Kilij Arslan II for involving himself in a local dispute rather than jihad?
1180
In what year did Saladin act to prevent the union of Aleppo and Mosul against him?
1182
Which group rejected Saladin’s attempted dominance of Syria between 1174 and 1183?
Zengids
Which Zengid powerbase fell to Saladin in 1183 two years after the death of al-Salih?
Aleppo
In what year did Saladin arrange a truce with the Franks so that he could focus on defeating his Muslim foes?
1185
Which Muslim city’s ruler only acknowledged Saladin’s overlordship in 1186?
Mosul
Who was Saladin’s loyal governor of Aleppo between 1183 and 1186 then administered Egypt from 1186 to 1192?
al-Adil (Saphadin)
Which ruler of Mosul, built a coalition of Muslim leaders to oppose Saladin between 1174 and 1180?
Sayf al-Din
Which ruler of Mosul from 1180 led the remaining opposition to Saladin until 1186?
Izz ad-Din
Which Muslim group did Saladin come to terms with in 1176 after his war on them failed?
Assassins
At which battle in 1177 did Saladin face a major setback when the Franks were victorious and his nephew was killed?
Montgisard
Which Abbasid caliph (from 1180) criticised Saladin even after the capture of Jerusalem, out of fear of his power?
al-Nasir
Which vital crossing point in did Saladin prevented Baldwin IV from fully fortifying in 1179?
Jacob’s Ford
At which battle in June 1179 did Saladin defeat Baldwin IV and the Templars allowing him to attack Jacobs Ford?
Marj Ayyun
Which city’s capture on 2 October 1187 cemented Saladin’s reputation as a successful leader of the Jihad?
Jerusalem
What item, constructed by Nureddin, was placed in the al-Aqsa mosque after Saladin’s conquest of Jerusalem?
’Minbar of Saladin’
Who proposed during the Third Crusade that his sister Joan should marry Saladin’s brother al-Adil?
Richard I
The Latin siege of which major city lasted nearly two years and led to humiliating defeat for Saladin in 1191?
Acre
Which Ayyubid controlled most of Syria and Palestine upon the death of Saladin in 1193?
Al-Afdal
Which Ayyubid controlled Egypt upon the death of Saladin in 1193?
Al-Aziz
Which Ayyubid controlled Aleppo upon the death of Saladin in 1193?
Az-Zahir
Who had become the ruler of Syria, Upper Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia by 1200?
Al-Adil
When did Al-Aziz, Al-Adil and Az-Zahir depose and exile Al-Afdal from Damascus?
July 1196
When did al-Aziz, Saladin’s son and successor in Egypt die in a hunting accident?
November 1198
Which young son of Al-Aziz ruled Egypt for only two years before being overthrown by al-Adil in 1200?
Al-Mansur
Where did major flooding and an earthquake occur (1199-1202) prompting effective action from Al-Adil?
Egypt
Which Ayyubid faction, the mamluks of Saladin, wanted Saladin’s brother al-Adil to become regent of Egypt in 1198?
Salahiyya
Which Ayyubid faction, the mamluks of Shirkuh, favoured Saladin’s son al-Afdal to become regent of Egypt in 1198?
Asadiyya
Who failed to return to the Muslim forces opposing the siege of Acre in Spring 1191 and died fighting Seljuk rivals?
Taqi al-Din
When did Saladin threaten to dispossess al-Mansur the son of Taqi al-Din, first granting his lands to al-Afdal then al-Adil?
Spring 1192
In what year did Kilij Arslan II die leaving his sons to squabble over his lands for the next decade?
1192
Which territory did the remaining Zengids unsuccessfully attempt to regain after Saladin’s death in 1193?
Jazira
