Crusading and the Franks of Outremer, c.1177-1204 Flashcards
In which year did Nureddin and Amalric I die and Baldwin IV become king of Jerusalem?
1174
Between 1174 and when was Raymond III of Tripoli regent for Baldwin IV of Jerusalem?
1176
What killed William of Montferrat in June 1177 leaving Sibylla pregnant with his son?
Malaria
Which great victory did Baldwin IV achieve over Saladin in 1177?
Montgisard
At which place did Saladin defeat Baldwin IV’s forces in August 1179?
Jacob’s Ford
When did Raymond III of Tripoli and Bohemond III of Antioch attempt to force Sibylla to marry Baldwin of Ibelin?
Easter 1180
Who was princess Isabella married to in 1183 to remove her from the influence of the Ibelins?
Humphrey of Toron
Where did Guy of Lusignan follow Raymond’s advice and avoid battle with Saladin’s forces in September 1183?
al-Fule
Saladin’s siege of which Frankish castle was broken by Baldwin IV in November-December 1183?
Kerak
Who was granted regency of Jerusalem in 1183 but stripped of it by the end of the year for his alleged cowardice?
Guy of Lusignan
Which Frankish baron was particularly provocative in his actions against Muslims?
Reynald of Chatillon
Which person succeeded Baldwin IV but died less than one year later in 1186?
Baldwin V
What affliction undermined Baldwin IV’s health and kingship?
Leprosy
Which group supported Sibylla’s succession to the throne?
’Court party’
Which group opposed Guy and Sibylla’s succession?
The ‘Pullani’
Which person seized the throne in violation of Baldwin IV’s will in August 1186?
Sibylla
Which baron was most opposed to Guy of Lusignan’s kingship?
Raymond III of Tripoli
When did Queen Sibylla die outside of Acre undermining Guy’s kingship?
July 1190
Which king of Jerusalem was assassinated on the streets of Tyre in April 1192?
Conrad
Which person restored unity to the kingdom of Jerusalem by marrying Isabella in May 1192?
Henry of Champagne
Which territory was Saladin’s first strategic objective after Hattin?
Levantine coast
Where were the Frankish armies marching to relieve when they were attacked at Hattin?
Tiberias
At which battle on 4th July 1187 was Jerusalem’s army destroyed?
Hattin
Which son of Bohemond III of Tripoli became Count of Tripoli from 1187 until 1233?
Bohemond IV
Who successfully defended Tyre after the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem?
Conrad of Montferrat
What did Saladin conquer in three months after the battle of Hattin in 1187?
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Who defended the city of Jerusalem from Saladin for two weeks in 1187?
Balian of Ibelin
Who was the ruler of Jerusalem between 1192 and 1197 that was accidentally defenestrated?
Henry of Champagne
Which fourth husband of Queen Isabella ruled as king of Jerusalem from 1197 to 1205?
Aimery of Lusignan
Where was there a conflict over the succession that dragged on between 1201 and 1219?
Principality of Antioch
King Aimery of Lusignan was king of which crusader state in addition to Jerusalem?
Cyprus
Who travelled to Outremer in 1177 allegedly to join a planned invasion of Egypt?
Philip of Flanders
Where did Philip of Flanders join an unsuccessful siege on behalf of the prince of Antioch in 1177?
Harim
Which pope issued the crusading appeal Cor Nostrum in January 1181 to little effect?
Alexander III
Which famous knight undertook crusading in 1184 to fulfil the vow of his deceased master?
William Marshal
Who, along with Roger of Mowbray ‘took the cross’ in 1185 in response to Heraclius and the pope’s appeal?
Hugh of Beauchamp
Which pope from 1181 to 1185 made a largely unsuccessful crusading appeal in 1184?
Lucius III
Where did the first reinforcements from the West come from after Hattin?
Norman Sicily
Which Italian city-state sent forces that helped to defend Tyre from Saladin in 1189?
Pisa
Which tax was raised by Richard I to fund the Third Crusade?
Saladin tithe
What strategic territory was restored by the Third Crusade?
The coast
What was guaranteed by the Truce of Jaffa that ended the Third Crusade in 1192?
Pilgrim access
What was the name of the papal bull issued to launch the Third Crusade?
Audita Tremendi
Which fortification was Richard I forced to dismantle and surrender due to the truce of Jaffa in 1192?
Ascalon
At which Third Crusade battle did Richard victoriously attack from the sea?
Jaffa
Whose death whilst crossing Anatolia destroyed the German part of the Third Crusade?
Frederick I
Which city was reconquered by the Third Crusade in July 1191 after two years?
Acre
Which king returned to Europe after the capture of Acre in July 1191?
Philip II of France
Which city was not captured by the Third Crusade despite two marches?
Jerusalem
At which battle in September 1191 was Saladin defeated by Richard I’s marching army?
Arsuf
Which Frankish leader’s kingship was opposed by his barons but supported by Richard I?
Guy of Lusignan
Which place’s conquest by Richard I in 1191 greatly added to the security of Outremer?
Cyprus
When did Henry VI of Germany first pledge to lead a crusade to Outremer?
March 1195
Who commanded the German forces during their crusade of 1197?
Henry of Brabant
Which wealthy city did the German Crusade of 1197 recapture for the Franks?
Beirut
The land link between the kingdom of Jerusalem and which crusader state was restored in 1197?
County of Tripoli
News of whose death led to the collapse of the German Crusade of 1197?
Henry VI of Germany
Which French noble was the first leader of the Fourth Crusade?
Theobald of Champagne
Who was a noble of Outremer who left to move to Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade?
Stephen of Perche
Which former Venetian possession did the Doge demand be recaptured by the Fourth Crusade?
Zara
Who was the leader of a faction that refused to attack the Zarans and abandoned the Fourth Crusade?
Simon de Montfort
Which people did the Fourth crusaders approach to provide transportation?
Venetians
Which event after the Fourth Crusade was an example of how crusading was turned against Christian heretics?
Albigensian Crusade
How many crusaders arrived at Venice for the Fourth Crusade?
c. 12,000
Which papal legate refused to condone the Fourth Crusade’s diversion to Zara and left?
Peter Capuano
Which pope was instrumental in organising support for the Fourth Crusade?
Innocent III
How did Innocent III respond to the Fourth Crusade’s attacks on Zara and Constantinople?
Excommunication
Who was the brother of Conrad who ultimately led the Fourth Crusade?
Boniface of Montferrat
Who was the leader of the Venetians who joined the Fourth Crusade?
Enrico Dandalo
What factor linked Theobald of Champagne, Louis of Blois and Baldwin of Flanders?
Kinship (Crusading pedigrees)
How many marks did the Fourth crusader leaders promise to pay the Venetians for the transportation?
85,000
How many crusaders did the negotiators for the Fourth Crusade at Venice contract for?
33,500
Which French negotiator and participant wrote an account of the Fourth Crusade?
Geoffrey of Villehardouin
