The Latin West, Armenian Cilicia and Outremer, c.1144-1174 Flashcards
What was the name of the Pope who issued Quantum Praedecessores in December 1145?
Eugenius III
What term was used by Bernard of Clairvaux to refer to those he wished to undertake the Second Crusade?
Lucky generation
What actions against pagans in the Baltic siphoned off German support for the Second Crusade?
The Wendish Crusade
Where else did Eugenius III grant crusading privileges against Muslims at the time of the Second crusade?
Spain
Whose attacks on Byzantium limited its willingness to help the Second Crusade?
Roger II of Sicily
Where were the German forces of the Second Crusade annihilated by the Turks in October 1147?
*Dorylaeum (2nd)
Where did the Turks break Louis VII’s forces in Anatolia in January 1148?
Mount Cadmus
Which city did Raymond of Antioch unsuccessfully urge Louis VII to attack in 1148?
Aleppo
Where did the crusaders and Franks meet to decide upon a target for the Second Crusade in June 1148?
Acre
The siege of which Muslim city lasted only five days and was a military disaster for the Second Crusade in July 1148?
Damascus
Who died in 1153, humiliated and disgraced by the failure of the Second Crusade that he had championed?
Bernard of Clairvaux
Which pope repeatedly called for crusading support to help Outremer between 1159 and 1181?
Alexander III
What was the name of the papal instruction issued by Alexander III calling on people to crusade rather than send money to Outremer?
Inter Omnia
Whose marriage to the future Henry II of England in 1152 led to increasing rivalry between England and France?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
The Grand Master of which Military Order wrote a series of unsuccessful letters to Louis VII of France asking for aid in Egypt?
Templars
In what year was Inter Omnia issued by Alexander III?
1169
Who did Amalric write to asking unsuccessfully for assistance after a devastating earthquake in Summer 1170?
Louis VII of France
Who was one of the few lords of the Latin West to bring knights to Outremer but then died at Acre in 1168?
William IV of Nevers
Which French noble led pilgrims that assisted Frankish forces at al-Buqaia in 1163 and at Harim in 1164?
Hugh VIII of Lusignan
In what year had general taxes for the defence of Outremer been levied by Louis VII of France and Henry II of England?
1166
Which king of Sicily led a massive fleet against Alexandria in 1174?
William II
Which group did Baldwin III make to enforce a trade embargo upon Fatimid Egypt in 1156?
Pisans
In what year was Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, murdered, undermining Henry II’s plans to crusade?
1170
Which insurrection against Henry II of England by his wife and sons in 1173-74 made it impossible for Henry II to crusade?
Great Rebellion
Thierry of Flanders led an army in 1157 to besiege which city, but his disputes with Reynald of Antioch regarding overlordship led to failure?
Shaizar
Which French noble returned to Outremer and assisted Amalric of Jerusalem in the years 1164 to 1166?
Thierry of Flanders
Which Frankish priest was sent in 1169 to secure aid from the West for Outremer but was largely unsuccessful?
Frederick of Tyre
Who started to send large sums of money to Jerusalem from 1172 onwards in penance for the murder of Thomas Becket?
Henry II of England
Which French noble visited Jerusalem in 1171 but decided not to marry Princess Sibylla despite his previous agreement?
Stephen of Sancerre
In which year did French nobles including Hugh of Burgundy and Stephen of Sancerre visited Jerusalem but fail to provide support?
1171
Which powerful German noble undertook a pilgrimage to Outremer in 1172 but offered no military support?
Henry the Lion
Which Second Crusader’s arrival caused tensions in the County of Tripoli until his suspicious death in 1148 due to his superior claim to Raymond II?
Alfonso-Jordan
Which town’s capture in January 1158 was the only tangible achievement of Thierry of Flander’s expedition to Outremer between 1156 and 1159?
Harim
Which minor French knight had joined the Second Crusade but then served Baldwin III at Ascalon before marrying Constance of Antioch in 1153?
Reynald of Chatillon
Which German ruler recognised the authority of three successive antipopes (Victor IV, Paschal III and Callixtus III) undermining Pope Alexander III?
Emperor Frederick I
What did many in the Latin West perceive that the Franks of Outremer lived in, thus making assistance undeserved?
Luxury
Which Armenian ruler of Cilicia allied with the Templars against the Seljuk Sultan of Rum in 1154?
Thoros II
With which former enemy did Thoros II of Cilicia ally with to attack Byzantine Cyprus in 1156?
Reynald of Antioch
In which year was Thoros II of Cilicia able to escape the disastrous battle at Harim, unlike his Frankish allies?
1164
Who fled Cilicia in the mid-1160s and converted to Islam becoming an ally of Nureddin?
Mleh
When did Nureddin’s ally Mleh seize power in Cilicia, depriving the Franks of Antioch of potential support?
1170
