Franks of Outremer and the Military Orders, c.1144-1174 Flashcards
Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1163 and 1174?
Amalric
Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1163 and 1201?
Bohemond III
Who was the ruler of the Principality of Antioch between 1153 and 1160?
Reynald
What major coastal city was captured by Baldwin III of Jerusalem in 1153?
Ascalon
Who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1143 and 1163?
Baldwin III
Which princess of Antioch was married to Raymond of Poitiers and later to Raynald of Chatillon?
Constance
Victory over Nureddin at which battle in August 1150 allowed Baldwin III to safely evacuate surviving Franks from Edessa?
Aintab
Whose poor relationship with his wife Hodierna concluded with his unusual death at the hands of the Assassins in 1152?
Raymond II of Tripoli
Which territory was administered by Amalric of Jerusalem after Raymond III’s capture at Harim in 1164?
County of Tripoli
Which Frankish archbishop was sent to the West in 1169 seeking aid from Louis VII of France?
Frederick of Tyre
Where was Baldwin III defeated in battle by Nureddin in June 1157?
Lake Huleh
Which group did Baldwin III make enforce a trade embargo upon Fatimid Egypt in 1156?
Pisans
Which territory belonging to Damascus did Baldwin III invade in Spring 1147, driving Unur to ally with Nureddin?
The Hauran
Who was the powerful mother of Baldwin III that refused to surrender power leading to tensions between 1150-52?
Melisende
In what year did Amalric of Jerusalem marry the Byzantine princess Maria?
1167
What was the name of Amalric I’s first wife whom divorced in order to become king?
Agnes of Courtenay
Which city on the Egyptian coast was the target of a joint land/sea attack by Byzantium and Jerusalem in 1169?
Damietta
Which great city did the Franks temporarily capture in 1167 after a brief siege?
Alexandria
What was established in Cairo after Amalric’s invasion in 1167?
Frankish garrison
What tribute was to be paid to the Franks every year after their successful campaign of 1167?
100,000 Gold Dinars
Which Byzantine emperor allied with both Baldwin III and Amalric?
Manuel I
Aimery of Limoges was the Latin Patriarch for which major Levantine city?
Antioch
In what year did Amalric die, undermining future attempts to capture Egypt?
1174
Who was the powerful constable of Jerusalem who sided with Baldwin III’s mother in 1150-52?
Manasses
Which battle did Nureddin win in Syria in 1164, undermining Amalric’s position in Egypt?
Harim
Which historian believes that Baldwin III envisaged a ‘Grand Alliance’ of all Christian powers of the Near East against Nureddin?
Prawer
In what year was Joscelin II of Edessa captured by Nureddin?
1150
What was the dowry of Theodora given to Baldwin III when he married her?
100,000 gold pieces
When did Amalric I visit Constantinople in person to request aid for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
March 1171
Which formerly Christian prince of Armenia was a major threat to Bohemond III in Cilicia until 1175?
Mleh
Baldwin III and Melisende quarrelled over the appointment of the new Lord of which key territory in 1149?
Galilee
Which persistent but inconsistent source of military strength was more useful to the Kingdom of Jerusalem than others?
Pilgrims
Which of the military orders encouraged Amalric to invade Egypt in 1168 against the advice of others?
Hospitallers
Which military order refused to participate in the Frankish invasion of Egypt in 1168?
Templars
What did Amalric and the Hospitallers fear Manuel I would exclude them from at Damietta in 1169?
Spoil of war
Which place was granted to the Knights Hospitaller by Bohemond III in 1168?
Apamea
What was the absolute maximum number of barons and knights in the kingdom of Jerusalem according to Runciman?
One thousand
What were locally armed and trained light cavalry largely made up of native Christians and those of mixed parentage?
Turcopoles
Which Grand Master promised to provide Amalric I with 500 knights and 500 Turcopoles, in 1168?
Gilbert d’Assailly
What did the Hospitallers hope to gain from their support for an invasion of Egypt in 1168?
Bilbais
In which year were visiting pilgrims a source of military strength for Jerusalem’s seizure of Ascalon?
1153
In which decade did the militarisation of the Hospitallers accelerate most rapidly?
1160s
What was the debt that almost destroyed the Hospitallers after the failed Egyptian invasion of 1168?
100,000 Bezants
Which important castle served as the de facto headquarters of the Hospitallers?
Krak des Chevaliers
Which territory in the Principality of Antioch did the Templars ruled virtually independently?
Baghras
Which territory in the Kingdom of Jerusalem did the Templars come to rule virtually independently?
Gaza
Who ignored papal authority to seize the Templars who defied his will in 1173?
Amalric
What phenomenon led to the increasing sale of castles and territories to the military orders?
Feudal Poverty
What could the military orders set on their own without reference to the rulers of Outremer?
Military policy
Which group did the Templars attack in 1173 despite the safe conduct and deal they had made with Amalric?
Assassins
What tax on property was one of those levied in Outremer to raise funds to purchase mercenaries?
Terraticum
In what year did the Hospitallers receive Krak des Chevaliers from the Count of Tripoli?
1144
Which crusader state’s eastern border was, in effect, defended by the Hospitallers?
County of Tripoli
Who was the Grand Master of Templars from 1169 to 1171, temporarily improving relations with Amalric of Jerusalem?
Philip of Nablus
How many Templars did Amalric of Jerusalem allegedly hang in 1165-66 for surrendering a castle to Muslims?
Twelve
The capture of which Muslim city in 1153 was almost undermined by the premature and greedy attack of the Templars?
Ascalon
