Franks of Outremer and the Latin West, c.1169-1189 Flashcards
In which year were Frankish and Byzantine efforts to seize the Egyptian port of Damietta unsuccessful?
1169
Which papal bull, issued by Alexander III on 29 July 1169 calling for people to crusade, was not successful?
Inter Omnia
Whose death in July 1174 led to the succession of his leprous thirteen-year old son?
Amalric of Jerusalem
In which year did Nureddin and Amalric I die and Baldwin IV become king of Jerusalem?
1174
Which territory did Saladin begin to seize after Nureddin’s death in 1174?
Syria
What affliction undermined Baldwin IV of Jerusalem’s health and kingship (1174-1185)?
Leprosy
When did Baldwin IV achieve a great victory over Saladin at Montgisard?
November 1177
Where did Reynald of Chatillon become lord of after his marriage to Stephanie of Mily in 1177?
Oultrejordain
Which battle in 1176 destroyed the Byzantine army of the pro-Latin Emperor Manuel I?
Myriocephalum
At which battle did Saladin defeat Baldwin IV’s forces in June 1179?
Marj Ayyun
At which place did Saladin destroy the key fortification being built by Baldwin IV in August 1179?
Jacob’s Ford
Whose death in 1180 undermined the Byzantine alliance that had buttressed Outremer?
Manuel I
Who married Princess Isabella at Kerak in 1183 whilst Saladin was attacking the castle?
Humphrey of Toron
When did Baldwin IV die leaving his nephew, a seven-year old boy, as King of Jerusalem?
March 1185
Which person succeeded Baldwin IV but died only one year later in August 1186?
Baldwin V
Which Frankish baron was most opposed to Guy of Lusignan?
Raymond III of Tripoli
When did Baldwin IV arrange the marriage of Sibylla and Guy in response to a feared coup against him?
April 1180
Which Frankish noble family were Raymond III’s most powerful allies in the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
Ibelins
Which Frankish baron was particularly provocative in his actions against Muslims?
Reynald of Chatillon
Which group supported Sibylla’s succession to the throne?
’Court party’
Where was the Frankish army marching to relieve when they were attacked at Hattin in 1187?
Tiberias
At which battle on 4th July 1187 was Jerusalem’s army destroyed?
Hattin
Which group opposed Sibylla’s (and especially Guy’s) succession to the throne?
’The Pullani’
Which corrupt Patriarch of Jerusalem and reputed lover of Agnes of Courtenay was a key backer of Sibylla?
Heraclius
Where did Saladin’s army destroy a Templar and Hospitaller force on 1 May 1187?
Cresson
What did Saladin largely conquer in three months after the battle of Hattin in 1187?
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Which territory was Saladin’s first strategic objective after the Battle of Hattin?
The coast
Which uncle of Sibylla helped to lead the coup that put her on the throne in 1186?
Joscelin III
Who defended the city of Jerusalem from Saladin for two weeks in September 1187?
Balian of Ibelin
Which person seized the throne in violation of Baldwin IV’s will in August 1186?
Sibylla
What happened to Reynald of Chatillon after his capture at Hattin in July 1187?
Execution
Which great city surrendered almost immediately to Saladin on 8 July 1187?
Acre
Which holy relic was raised in front of the troops before the battle at Montgisard and was lost at Hattin?
True Cross
Which Frankish city resisted Saladin in July 1187 and again between November 1187 and January 1188?
Tyre
Who led the Frankish resistance to Saladin in Tyre from July 1187 onwards?
Conrad of Montferrat
Members of what were executed by Saladin after the Battle of Hattin?
Military Orders
When did Guy of Jerusalem begin the two-year siege of Acre in defiance of Saladin?
August 1189
Who was the Grand Master of the Templars, and strong opponent of Raymond III, between 1184 and 1189?
Gerard de Ridefort
Which Grand Master of the Hospitallers from 1177 to 1187 was killed at the Battle of Cresson?
Roger de Moulins
In the summer of which year did Saladin take most of the coastal castles and towns of the states of Tripoli and Antioch?
1188
When did Saladin’s attack fail to dislodge the Latins besieging Acre?
October 1189
Which insurrection against Henry II of England by his family in 1173-74 made it impossible for Henry II to crusade?
Great Rebellion
What did Western Christians perceive that the Franks of Outremer lived in and thus could pay for their own defence?
Luxury
Which Frankish archbishop was sent in 1169 to secure aid from the West for Outremer
Frederick of Tyre
When did Alexander III issue his unsuccessful papal bull, Inter Omnia, calling for Latins to crusade?
29 July 1169
Which English archbishop of Canterbury was killed in 1170 by men acting for Henry II of England?
Thomas Becket
How many knights a year did Henry II promise (but fail) to send to Outremer as absolution for killing Becket?
Two hundred
What aid did Henry II send every year instead of knights as absolution for killing Becket?
2,000 silver marks
Which pope, between 1159 and 1181, made repeated unsuccessful attempts to encourage crusading?
Alexander III
Which papal letter encouraging crusading was issued by Alexander III in 1181?
Cor Nostrum
Which famous English knight was visited Outremer on a pilgrimage in 1183-84 but achieved little?
William Marshal
Which great victory of Baldwin IV over Saladin in 1177 persuaded many in the Latin West that the Franks were not in danger?
Montgisard
Which pope, between 1181 and 1184, issued a crusading appeal but to little effect?
Lucius III
Keys to which place were offered to both Louis VII of France and Henry II of England in 1184 but refused?
Jerusalem
Which king of Jerusalem appealed repeatedly in the 1160s for his kinsman, Henry II of England to aid him?
Amalric
Which Italian was Sibylla married to in 1177 in the hope that he would bring Latin aid to Outremer?
William of Montferrat
Who travelled to Outremer in 1177, allegedly to join a planned invasion of Egypt, but fell out with the Franks of Jerusalem?
Philip of Flanders
In which year did a small crusade led Duke Henry of Louvain and Ralph of Mauleon come to Outremer but achieve little?
1183
Which Latin noble arrived in Outremer shortly after Hattin and successful held Tyre against Saladin?
Conrad of Montferrat
Which papal bull, in response to the defeat at Hattin, launched the Third Crusade on 29 October 1187?
Audita Tremendi
Who sent 50 ships to aid the remaining Frankish territories of Tripoli and Antioch in 1188?
William II of Sicily
When did the Archbishop of Pisa arrive at Tyre with 52 ships, thus preventing Saladin’s naval blockade?
6 April 1189
Large numbers of forces from the Third Crusade joined Guy of Lusignan’s siege of which key city?
Acre
Fifty ships commanded by nobles of which kingdom arrived in Outremer in early September 1189?
Denmark
