Byzantium, the Muslim Near East and Outremer, c.1144-1174 Flashcards
Whose attacks on Byzantium limited its willingness to help the Second Crusade?
Roger II of Sicily
Who unsuccessfully fought a war against the Byzantines in Cilicia in 1144 and 1145?
Raymond of Antioch
In what year was Raymond of Antioch forced to travel to Constantinople and submit to Manuel I as his vassal?
1145
Who did Manuel I unsuccessfully attempt to have married to Constance of Antioch in 1152?
John Roger
Which Byzantine princess did Baldwin III marry in 1158?
Theodora
Which Byzantine Christian island was raided and sacked by Reynald of Antioch in 1156?
Cyprus
In what year did Manuel I of Byzantium invade Cilicia forcing Prince Reynald to beg for forgiveness?
1158
Which Frankish princess did Manuel I marry in 1162?
Maria of Antioch
The daughter of which Frankish princess did Manuel I initially plan to marry but then scandalously reject c.1161?
Hodierna
The Byzantines provided 300 ships to assist in the Frankish siege of which Egyptian city in 1169?
Damietta
Which Byzantine military defeat in 1176 undermined its strength in Anatolia and Syria?
Myriocephalum
Which Byzantine princess did Amalric of Jerusalem marry in 1167?
Maria
In what year did Baldwin III marry the Byzantine princess Theodora?
1158
Which Byzantine emperor was accused of not helping the Second Crusade but became an ally of Outremer?
Manuel I
What did Byzantium provide to the Kingdom of Jerusalem that was most important to aid attacks on Egypt?
Naval support
Where did the threat of Byzantine intervention act as an effective deterrent to Nureddin?
Northern Syria
In what year did Reynald of Antioch defeat an Armenian rebellion against the Byzantines for which he was not compensated?
1155
When did Amalric visit Constantinople in person to request aid for the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
March 1171
Who travelled North to pay his respects to Manuel I in 1159 after Reynald had been humiliated?
Baldwin III
In which territory had Prince Raymond being trying to take Byzantine towns in 1144-45?
Cilicia
Who was Sultan of Rum that Manuel I had made a 12 year truce with and did not want to offend during the Second Crusade?
Mesud I
Who did the Second crusaders accused of luring them into Turkish ambushes during the crossing of Anatolia?
Byzantine scouts
Where did the Second crusaders accused the Byzantines of attacking their forces on their journey to Constantinople?
Balkans
Who wrote a hostile account of the Second Crusade blaming the Byzantines for its failure?
Odo of Deuil
What was the dowry of Theodora given to Baldwin III when he married her in 1158?
100,000 gold pieces
In what year did Manuel I pay a ransom to release Bohemond III, after the prince’s capture at Harim?
1165
Which daughter of Unur of Damascus did Nureddin marry in 1147 to seal their alliance?
Ismat
Which Frankish castle did Nureddin unsuccessfully attack in 1153?
Banias
In which battle in 1163 did King Amalric I of Jerusalem defeat and nearly kill Nureddin?
al-Buqaia
When was Zengi murdered while he slept by one of his own servants?
September 1146
Who recaptured Edessa from Joscelin II in December 1146 after the death of his father?
Nureddin
What is the term used to describe Nureddin’s increased religious devotion possible coming from a near death experience?
Inner conversion
Who was the chronicler that presented Nureddin as a just ruler inspired by Jihad?
Ibn al-Qalanisi
Who was the Kurdish general who invaded Egypt to assert Nureddin’s overlordship?
Shirkuh
In 1164 who did Shawar seek help from Nureddin to fight?
Dirgham
In what year did Shirkuh finally gain full control over Egypt?
1169
Who succeeded as vizier of Egypt after the death of his uncle Shirkuh in 1169?
Saladin
Which Frankish city was heavily exposed to Muslim attack and was taken by Zengi in 1144?
Edessa
In which battle did Nureddin defeat and kill Prince Raymond of Antioch in 1149?
Inab
Which brother of Nureddin accepted his overlordship of Mosul in 1149?
Qutb ad-Din
Which city did Nureddin fail to take in two unsuccessful sieges in 1150 and 1151?
Damascus
In what year were both Raymond III and Bohemond III captured at the second battle of Artah (Harim)?
1164
Who was the vizier of Egypt that was ousted from power in 1163?
Shawar
In what year was Joscelin II of Edessa captured by Nureddin?
1150
What is the Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to maintain the religion?
Jihad
What is the name of the Islamic education centres built in Syria, half of which in the 1160s were built by Nureddin?
Madrassas
In which year was Nureddin’s ‘palace of Justice’ built in Damascus?
1163
Which Fatimid coastal city was captured by Baldwin III of Jerusalem in 1153?
Ascalon
In which year did Saladin abolish the Shia Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt?
1171
When did Saladin launch a devastating raid against the southern border of the kingdom of Jerusalem?
December 1170
Distrust between Saladin and Nureddin led to Muslim failure at the siege of which castle in October 1171?
Montreal
In which year did Nureddin aid the Armenian leader Mleh of Cilicia in expelling the Templars from their northern fortresses?
1172
When did Nureddin die at his citadel in Damascus?
May 1174
