The third crusade

Question 1

Which Pope called the third crusade?

Answer 1

Gregory VIII

Question 2

What was the papal bull called of the third crusade?

Answer 2

The Audita Trememdi.

Question 3

Who did the Audita Trememdi identify as the target of the third crusade?

Answer 3

Saladin and Jerusalem

Question 4

What was ‘littered’ in the Audita Trememdi?

Answer 4

‘biblical quotes’

Question 5

What was the response of the Audita Trememdi from Richard I?

Answer 5

-Took the cross without permission from his father Henry II.

Question 6

What was the response from the Audita Trememdi from Henry and Phillip II of France?

Answer 6

-Decided to take the cross at Gisors.

Question 7

What was the response from the Audita Trememdi from Frederick Barbarossa HRE?

Answer 7

• Took the cross.

- Encouraged other German princes to follow suit.

Question 8

What happened when Henry II died?

Answer 8

-Richard became the king.

Question 9

How did Richard raise money for the third crusade?

Answer 9

• Saladin Tythe.

- Sold lands and titles.

Question 10

How did Richard and Phillip travel and who came with them?

Answer 10

• By sea.

- Made sure only soldiers attended because of limited spaces.

Question 11

Where did Richard conquer first and why?

Answer 11

• Masinda on Sicily.

- The governor had failed to pay his sisters dowry

Question 12

Where did Richard conquer second and why?

Answer 12

• Cyprus.

- The governor would not release his sister and his fiancé, Berengaria of Navarre

Question 13

How did Richards first two victories help him?

Answer 13

-Increased his resources.

Question 14

What happened to Barbarossa on his journey?

Answer 14

• Battled through hostile byzantine empire including Anatolia.
• Isaac Comnenus had an agreement with Saladin to hinder the crusaders.
• Drowned in the river Saleph after prophecies he would.

Question 15

What happened to Barbarossa’s army after he died?

Answer 15

• Most went home.

- Some continued under Leopold of Austria.

Question 16

What happened when Guy De Lusignan was released from prison?

Answer 16

• Conrad of Monterfact would not allow him into Tyre.
• Guy sieged Acre for 2 years.
• Sybillia his wife and children die. (weakens his claim to Jerusalem).
• Phillip and Richard arrived 5 weeks apart and contributed to acre capture.

Question 17

Who was the biggest rivalry between?

Answer 17

-Richard +Phillip.

Question 18

How did Richard repetitively try to outdo Phillip?

Answer 18

• offered more money to his soldiers. (1 bezant)
• Breaking of bethroval to Phillip’s sister Alice and marrying Berengaria instead.
• Claimed Alice was his father Henry II’s mistress.

Question 19

What did Richard fail to give Phillip?

Answer 19

-half the lands of Cyprus claiming the agreement was only for the holy land.

Question 20

Where did Phillip go after the capture of Acre and why?

Answer 20

• Left claiming it was illness.
• Count of Flanders died and wanted his land.
• Had enough of Richards shit

Question 21

Who also left at the same time as Phillip after Acre?

Answer 21

-Leopold of Austria for throwing his banner out- embarrassment for him.

Question 22

What year was the battle at Arsuf and Jaffa?

Answer 22

1191.

Question 23

What happened at Arsuf and Jaffa?

Answer 23

• Richard used military ability to march in tight formation to Jaffa.
• Harassed by Saladin at Arsuf.
• Battle fought, Richard ‘rode the wave of momentum’ charge not led by him but 2 knights.
• Won and took Jaffa.

Question 24

What happened to Saladin’s reputation after the crusader wins at Arsuf and Jaffa?

Answer 24

-Dropped.

Question 25

What date was the first Jerusalem advancement?

Answer 25

January 1192

Question 26

What happened on the first “advancement” on Jerusalem?

Answer 26

• Richard chose not to attack because of bad weather.

- vulnerable Jaffa supply lines.

Question 27

Why did Richard withdraw support from Guy De Lusiagan after first Jerusalem ‘advancement’ and what did he give him as compensation?

Answer 27

• Unpopular with the nobles.
• Cyprus

Question 28

What happened to Conrad after Jerusalem 1?

Answer 28

• He was assassinated.

- Henry of Charlemagne crowned in his place with Richards blessing.

Question 29

What happened on the second advancement to Jerusalem?

Answer 29

• Richard found out John II was trying to lead a coup in England.
• Richard got cold feet and Jerusalem did not get attacked again. (he was also deeply depressed)
• Also because defences formidable, water scarce and supplies threatened?
• Saladin poisoned wells- no way to continue.

Question 30

What date was the second advancement on Jerusalem?

Answer 30

May 1192.

Question 31

What triggered the truce of Jaffa?

Answer 31

-Richard defeated Saladin at Jaffa when he was trying to retake it.

Question 32

What year was the truce of Jaffa?

Answer 32

1192.

Question 33

What were the terms of the truce of Jaffa?

Answer 33

• 3 years.
• Franks given coast from Tyre to Jaffa.
• Free passage for Jerusalem as pilgrims.
• Saladin keep Ascalon.

Question 34

Why did the third crusade end?

Answer 34

• Truce of Jaffa.

- Saladin and Richard exhausted and needed to deal with internal issues.

Question 35

Give some examples of Richards excellent leadership?

Answer 35

He allowed knights days of rest

• prevented fights over dead horse meat because hail was killing horses.
• Insisted on formation and not breaking rank.
• Templars and hospitallers at the back and front and mounted knights in the middle. (getting his men out of Acre)

Question 36

Why arguably was Jerusalem a GIANT failure?

Answer 36

• Saladin was in a weak position after 5 years of war but Richard did not take advantage of this.
• Left time for Saladin to possibly start up again.

Question 37

What happened at the siege of Acre?

Answer 37

• Saladin’s troops were losing heart
• Thousands of Europeans come to help the crusaders.
• had been besieging the besieger for 2 years.
• The city surrendered without Saladin’s permission

Question 38

Who was the German contingent of the third crusade?

Answer 38

Duke Leopold of Austria

Question 39

Was the third crusade a success?

Answer 39

1- Military tactics/ recapture.

2-Richards leadership and divisions.

3- Truce led to nothing.

Question 40

Who did Phillip and Richard each align themselves with after Acre?

Answer 40

Richard –> Guy

Phillip –> Conrad.

Arguments over who is going to be king.

Question 41

What was Richard planning to use Jaffa as?

Answer 41

• To use Jaffa as a springboard for an attack on the holy city
• Blocking Saladin’s military and trade link to and from Egypt.

Question 42

What ‘miracle’ happened at the battle of Arsuf?

Answer 42

• 30,000 men to attack when they emerged from wooded hills, and they were shocked.
• 2 Men broke rank and charged (other card).

Question 43

Why did the Audita Tremendi persuade so many people to go onto the third crusde?

Answer 43

• Pope Urban dying of heartbreak.
• Quick papal response. (archbishop of Tyre)
• ‘barbarous ferocity thirsting for the blood of Christains’
• Accept challenge from god like Bernard of Clairvaux.
• Repentance and shaming monarchs into going.