The calling of the first crusade Flashcards
1
Q
Where and where was the first crusade called?
A
Clermont in 1095.
2
Q
What year did the Seljuk Turks capture Jerusalem?
A
1073.
3
Q
What year did Pope Urban II become Pope?
A
1088.
4
Q
What year was the death of the Sultan?
A
1092.
5
Q
What year was the council of Piacenza?
A
1094.
6
Q
Who was Pope Urban II and what did he do?
A
- continued Gregory the 7th’s reforms.
- used the idea of a holy war by offering spiritual rewards to the Normans in southern Italy…….
….. to help drive off the roman empire’s troops in Spain to rebuild an important border city. - eased tensions between the eastern and western churches.
7
Q
What happened at the council of Piacenza?
A
- Alexios sent envoys to speak to the Pope and ask for help in defeating the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia after it was lost in the battle of Manzikert.
- Alexios was likely asking for a few hundred western European knights.
- Excommunication of Alexios lifted.
- Anti-pope clement has now lost his support.
8
Q
What happened at the council of Clermont?
A
- Urban II made exaggerated claims as an emotive plea.
- Philip I excommunicated.
- The Truce of God was to be universally recognised.
- Bishop named Adhemar fell to the Popes feet.
9
Q
What are common themes of the versions of Urban II’s speech?
A
- Salvation and forgiveness.
- Stopping Christian violence and the poor treatment of Christians.
10
Q
What are uncommon versions of Urban II’s speech?
A
- Helping the emperor Alexios
- economic benefits.
11
Q
Pull factors as to why somebody may go on a crusade?
A
- Poverty
- salvation
- Kings encouraged troublesome knights to get them out of the country. (2nd sons)
- Families willing to finance the crusading member.
- Easy pilgrimage.
- Regaining holy land.
12
Q
Who were the leaders of the crusade? (8)
A
- Adhemar of le puy
- Count Raymond of Toulouse.
- Bohemond.
- Tancred.
- Godfrey of Bouillon
- Baldwin of Boulogne.
- Hugh of Vermandois
- Robert of Normandy.
13
Q
What were the rules for being in the crusade? (6)
A
- all those talking part would get plenary indulgence
- belongings protected by bishops whilst they were gone.
- red cross worn. (True cross)
- no old people.
- monks need permission.
- leave by 15th August and meet in Constantinople.
14
Q
Who was Adhemar Le Puy?
A
- Official Papal Representative
- ‘Spiritual leader of the crusade’
- Keeping morale up by fasting and observing the holy day during the siege of Antioch.
15
Q
Who was count Raymond of Toulouse? (u loose!)
A
- First of the nobility to join the crusade.
- Sent messages to the Pope whist they were still at Clermont saying he was ready to join the crusade.
- Largest army.
