The Collapse of the crusader states: Crusaders Flashcards
In what year did Baldwin III oust his mother Melisendes?
1152.
Where did Baldwin III conquer?
- Ascalon in 1153.
- Completely securing the Levantine coast.
How did Baldwin III and Amalric repair relations with Byzantine?
-Manuel I- married his niece (both of them).
What did Amalric fail to do?
-Make ground at Egypt for great expense.
Who was Baldwin IV <3
-lepper king who brought great instability through factionalism?
What were the factions created in Baldwin the 4th’s reign?
- Old families- peace with Saladin.
- Court party- war with Saladin.
Who was in the court party faction?
- Reynald de Chatillon.
- Guy.
Who was in the old families faction?
- Raymond of Tripoli.
- Libelin family.
Who did Guy marry?
-Sibylla, sister of Baldwin 4th.
When did Guy have regency and when did this end?
- When he married Sybillia.
- Removed for cowardice at Saffuria in 1183.
Who was regent after Guy?
-Raymond of Tripoli.
Who refused to send soldiers and why?
-Henry II of England and Phillip II of France because of preocucations at home.
What year was the battle of Hattin?
1187.
What year was Saffuria?
1183.
What happened at the battle of Saffuria?
- Guy regent.
- Shadowing Saladin’s army at well watered Saffuria.
- Nobles wanted to attack. Guy cautious.
- Nobles withheld good advice so Guy could not be king.
- Guy failed to attack and Baldwin VI took his regency away.
After Baldwin V died, Sybilla had to divorce and remarry to become queen- who did she choose?
-Guy again (which people were not happy with!)
What did Raymond of Tripoli do because he was furious he could not be king?
- Stuck a truce with Saladin allowing his troops to move freely across his land
- 1186 he helped him become king.
What was the 1187 battle of Cresdon? (HIGHLIGHTS DISUNITY)
- 140 templars V dew 1000 Saladin. The templars lost and only three survived that went.
- Raymond then felt guilty and made peace with Guy.
Did the franks win or loose at Hattin?
Loose.
What caused the battle of Cresdon?
Broken Truce with Saladin in 1887 - attacking Caravans (Reynald De Chatillon).
-Guy tried to get him to pay compensation but he denied.
What caused the failure at Hattin?
- Guy’s indecisiveness.
- Smoke and heat.
- Muslim tactics.
- Lack of commitment from Henry and Phillip.
What happened at Hattin?
- Saladin taking Tiberius
- Saladin invaded.
- lured guys army away from water.
- Thirst, heat, smoke, goes to the horns for water (but its dry!)
- Raymond retreats to Tripoli
- Saladin gave water to guy and then guy taken as prisoner.
What happened at the fall of Jerusalem in 1187?
- Saladin took Acre, Ascalon and then Jerusalem after a two-week siege.
- He negotiated the surrender of the city to Saladin.
What were the terms of surrender at Jerusalem?
Saladin allowed people to leave for a fee per person. Men- 10 dinars, women 5 and children 2.
-Saladin would take cities kindly (which he did!)
What were the only places left in crusader hands after the fall of Jerusalem?
-Tyre, Antioch and Tripoli.
Who supposedly died from grief after the fall?
Pope Urban III.
How was Reynald De Chatillion causing issues?
-Striking trade routes on the way to Mecca.
What did Saladin do in response to Reynald de Chatillion attacking the caravans?
-Went to Tiberius to trap the crusaders into coming to help.
What did Saladin do to the water on the way to Tiberius?
Filled the wells with sand.
Beat drums through night
Yell god is great.
Water delivered and dumped.
Forcing them into Hattin.
