The collapse of the Crusader states: Muslims

Question 1

Who was Nurredin?

Answer 1

• Muslim leader.
• Promoted himself as ‘Mujahid’ through propaganda in schools and Mosques.
• Made building programmes in Damascus and abolished tax.

Question 2

What did Nurredin do?

Answer 2

• Inherited Aleppo
• Destroyed Edessa in 1146.
• Defeated Raymond of Antioch in 1149 at battle of Inab.
• United Aleppo , Damascus and Syria through alliance with Mosul without killing any Muslims..

Question 3

In what year did Nurredin unite Aleppo, Damascus and Syria through alliance with Mosul?

Answer 3

1154.

Question 4

In what year did Nurredin destroy Edessa?

Answer 4

1146.

Question 5

Who fought over Egypt through the invitation of Shawar?

Answer 5

-Nurredin and Amalric.

Question 6

How did Amalric go about trying to get Egypt?

Answer 6

-Spent large amounts of money and time on his campaign

Question 7

Who is SHIRKUH?

Answer 7

-Nurredins general.

Question 8

What happened when Shirkuh Nurredins general died in 1169?

Answer 8

• Saladin took control posing as a compromise.
• Manipulated the Caliph in Cairo and making Nurredin his overlord angry.

Question 9

How did Saladin destroy the Caliphate?

Answer 9

• Placed the family under house arrest.
• Stopped them from reproducing.
• Slaughtered the Nubian palace guard.
• The caliphs guard killed.
• Appointed family members to positions of power.

Question 10

What year did Saladin defeat a Frankish/Byzantine expedition to Damietta?

Answer 10

1169.

Question 11

What did Saladin do after Nurreddins death?

Answer 11

• Saladin peacefully conquers damascus.
• Champions himself as the heir of Nurredin.
• ‘Al-Sahils true protector’

Question 12

What did Saladin spend the next 13 years doing after Nurredins death.

Answer 12

• Totally absorbed Aleppo in 1183
• Mosul in 1186.
• Victory at the horns of hamma.

Question 13

Which battles did Saladin initially loose against the crusaders?

Answer 13

• Montgisard in 1177.
• Bierut in 1182.
• Kerak in 1183 and 4

Question 14

What victory did Saladin win in 1179?

Answer 14

-Jacobs Ford.

Question 15

What had Saladin managed to do by 1187?

Answer 15

• He had completely united Syria, Egypt and yemen.
• Home to Mecca and Medina. (also profitable trade routes)

Question 16

What did Saladin do to the Nubian palace guard?

Answer 16

He then burnt down the barracks of the Nubians where their families were staying.

Murdered anyone who tried to rescue them.

Offered a safe passage to the survivors but then changed his mind anyway.

This led to the caliph swearing his loyalty to Saladin.

Question 17

How did Saladin defeat the Frankish expedition at Damietta?

Answer 17

• Well -constructed sea defences in the river.

- He sent reinforcements to the town.

Question 18

What happened at Jacobs ford?

Answer 18

• Saladin tried to pay Baldwin off, but he didn’t comply

- launched an attack breached the walls and killed the templars inside

Question 19

Which family members did Saladin appoint to positions of power?

Answer 19

Dad- treasuries at Alexandria and Damietta- meant a steady supply of funds.

+gave his brother a large amount of funds, purged the military elite.

Question 20

What did Saladin do when the Caliph died?

Answer 20

• Removed his name from Friday prayers.
• Replaced it with the Sunni sultan of Bagdad.

Question 21

What was the horns of hamma?

Answer 21

• the assassins constantly trying to kill Saladin (Zengids)

- one week siege of the assassin castle.

Question 22

What happened at Mount Guiscard?

Answer 22

Saladin utterly defeated because of disorganisation,

Saladin retreated and returned to Damascus.

Question 23

What are Nur-ad-dins setbacks?

Answer 23

• Illness
• Earthquakes
• Humiliating defeat at Mecca
• Dislike of the Shia Muslims in Egypt- fighting each other rather than the franks.

Question 24

Why was Nurredin popular with his people?

Answer 24

• Popular in Damascus through building programmes, gifts of food, hospitals, religious buildings.
• Promoting Sunni Islam not killing any Muslims.
• Renouncing alcohol and prayer.
• not living in wealth at the expense of his subjects.
• Abolished some taxes.
• ‘Mujahid’- coins minted and poems written about him

Question 25

What are some examples of Nurredins successful military action?

Answer 25

-Battle of inab 1149.

Damascus in 1154.

Destroyed and conquered Frankish castles along the frontier.

Question 26

What was the battle of Inab (Nurredin)

Answer 26

• Defeated Raymond of Antioch.

- Pushed back borders of Antioch (Christian territory)

Question 27

What did Nurredin do to Frankish castles along the fronteir?

Answer 27

-Destroyed them.

Question 28

What happened at Damascus in 1154? Nuraddin

Answer 28

• Diplomatic and military pressure.
• Blockaded the city.
• Damascus opened its gates.

Question 29

Who did Nurredin negotiate a truce with?

Answer 29

-a truce with the Seljuk Turks to fight together, highlighting the insignificance of the Outremer in BZ’s eyes.

Question 30

What were Saladin’s failed Jerusalem raids?

Answer 30

• launched raids into the kingdom of Jerusalem.
• 20K men but they were outnumbered- miscalculation
• Did not account for Baldwins forces.