The Second Crusade Flashcards
Who issued the Quantum Praedecessores?
Pope Eugenius III.
What did the Pope issue?
The papal bull.
Where did Bernard of Clairvaux preach?
-Vezelay 1147.
Who did Bernard of Clairvaux preach with?
Louis VII of France and his wife Elanor of Aquitane.
What did Bernard of Clairvaux call the second crusade?
‘Christain duty’
‘blessed generation’ (to take this opportunity).
What ‘miracle’ happened at the preaching?
- The stage collapsed- luckily nobody was hurt.
- Small crosses ripped from his clothing.
Where did Bernard of Clairvaux recruit Conrad III of Germany and the Welf of Barvaria? (and German king).
-His 7 month preaching tour.
What was the main focus of the Papal Bull?
- Recreation of their ‘forefathers’ achievements.
- remission of sins,
- No clear objective.
Who was Bernard of Clairvaux?
- Was said to of performed over 200 miracles.
- Condemned Anti-Semitism.
- Encouraged crusaders to submit themselves to God.
What was the quantum predecessors?
- ‘bravery of forefathers has diminished in our sons’
- ‘Danger to entire of Christianity.
What were the problems of a king going on a crusade?
- Not working together.
- Ownership and land rivalries.
- Distracted by the homeland.
How was the beginning of the second crusade divided?
- Conrad and Louis VIII left without each other. (after promising to meet at Constantinople).
- German nobles against Wends and Muslims in Almeria.
- Heavy Spanish troop division.
- Roger I of Sicily attacking Byzantine (who had a truce with Turks here).
- The Pope did not want mass movement just skilled knights.
What happened on Conrad’s way? (DID NOT WAIT).
- Went on land not coast.
- Had significant losses on a flood plain
- The Nicea army split up.
- Greater force crippled them at Dorelayum.
- Failed to supply his army properly.
What happened on Louis VII’s way?
- Took Manuel’s advice and went Via the coast.
- His army perished along the way at mount Cadmus.
- Louis himself almost dies.
- Louis then gave command of his army to the knights Templar and they sailed to Antioch and won the battle of Ephesus.
How did Emperor Manuel cause problems?
- He was worried about Louis and Roger of Sicily (a byzantine) so made a truce with Turks.
- This really upset the French nobility.
- Manuel lied about Conrad’s victory to get rid of him quickly.
- Crusaders not allowed in Constantinople.
What was the problem at Aleppo?
- Prince Raymond wanted to attack Aleppo.
- Louis said no.
- Allepo a client state of Byzantine and he did not want to help them.
- Louis wanted to get to Conrad at Jerusalem.
- Rumours of A O E and Raymond affair.
- Raymond drops out.
What happened at the council of Acre and the council of Palmera?
- Louis, Conrad, Melisendes decide Edessa as the target.
- Could no longer pick Aleppo.
- Picked Damascus
- Damascus was an ally of Jerusalem because Nur-ad-Din had married the governers daughter.
What happened at the siege of Damascus in 1148?
- Lasted for four days.
- Franks and crusader kings distrusting each other over who would take Damascus.
- Crusaders followed Frankish advice and moved from well watered-rich site to break into rumoured weaker side.
- However, Nur-ad-dins relief force was on his way and it was no weaker.
- The siege was a failure.
Main reasons for failure?
- Relationship with Byzantine.
- No aims.
- Relationship between franks and crusaders.
- Muslim power.
- Logistical issues.
- Conrad and Louis.
What logistical issues did the crusaders face?
- Thousands of peasants.
- Flash-flood at German camps drowned and lost equipment.
- Food.
- Weather.
- Bad harvests meaning they could not impose tax,
What was the military power of Muslims like?
- Attacking Conrads troops when looking for food.
- Gurerrllia warfare.
- Tricked by mounted archers pretending to retreat.
- Stabbing through orchards/ mud walls.
What happened at Mount Cadmus?
-French forces stretched for 6 miles.
