Establishing the Crusader States

Question 1

What are the crusader states known as?

Answer 1

The Outremer in the Latin East.

Question 2

What did the states consist of?

Answer 2

• Kingdom of Jerusalem.
• Principality of Antioch.
• The county of Edessa.
• County of Tripoli.

Question 3

What were the crusader states surrounded by?

Answer 3

Muslim powers who wanted to expel these new states.

Question 4

What were the states initially lacking and why?

Answer 4

-Manpower because the crusaders returned to west after 1099.

Question 5

What are the main factors of the survival of the crusader states?

Answer 5

• Castles.
• Pilgrims
• Knights templar.
• Jerusalem.

Question 6

Who were the rulers of Jerusalem between 1099-1131?

Answer 6

• Godferey the protector of Holy Seplpure (1099-1100).
• Baldwin I- 1100-1118.
• Baldwin II- 1118-1131.

Question 7

What did Baldwin I and II do to secure Jerusalem (and other states)

Answer 7

• Expanded.

- Secured the Levantine coast.

Question 8

What places did the Baldwin’s capture (Part of the Levantine coast)

Answer 8

• Caesarea in 1101.
• Acre in 1104
• Sidon and Beirut in 1110.
• Tyre in 1124.

Question 9

What exception did the Baldwins not capture on the Levantine coast?

Answer 9

Ascalon after their victory in 1099.

Question 10

Why were the conquests on the Levantine coast so important?

Answer 10

To help Pilgrims arrive such as King Sigurd of Norway.

Question 11

Who were part of the Italian Maritime states and what did they do for Pilgrims?

Answer 11

• Venice, Genoa and Pisa.
• Helped them arrive.
• They all wanted to be the biggest military power.

Question 12

Why were Pilgrims so important for the survival of the crusader states?

Answer 12

• Boosted the economy.
• Boosted population within the states. (hundreds would come at once)

Question 13

How did the Italian Maritime states seek to exploit the new market that sprang up in the levant?

Answer 13

• Offered military assistance for trading rights.

- Venice and Tyre in 1124.

Question 14

What solution was created for the pilgrims being attacked on the way to Jerusalem?

Answer 14

-The knights Templar.

Question 15

What year was the knights templar set up?

Answer 15

-1119.

Question 16

How and when did the knights templar gain official backing?

Answer 16

• Crown- The council of Nabulus in 1120.

- Pope- The council of Troyes in 1129.

Question 17

Why did knights templar BECOME very important?

Answer 17

• Wealthy, permanent standing elite.
• Funded by donations so were free to the crown.
• Garrisoned the castles for free.

Question 18

How could the knights templar have become a probelm?

Answer 18

• Did not pay tax.
• Answerable to the pope because they were not in service of the crown.
• Attacked by the enemy.
• Criticism of monastic/military life mix.
• making deals with the Muslims undermining authority.
• People purely joining for the religious benefits.

Question 19

What is an important castle?

Answer 19

-Montreal built in 1115.

Question 20

Why was Montreal such an important castle?

Answer 20

• Secured conquered land.
• Dominated the trade route from Damascus to Egypt.

Question 21

What did other castles help protect?

Answer 21

-Specific threats such as Muslim controlled Ascalon.

Question 22

How did the pilgrims bring in money to the crusader states?

Answer 22

• food
• accommodation
• marketplace sales
• holy site admittance
• deciding to settle in Jerusalem.

Question 23

How much did Pilgrims boost the population of Jerusalem?

Answer 23

20,000 to 30,000 (provided manpower and tax)

Question 24

Why was the crossing dangerous for pilgrims?

Answer 24

• pirates, bandits and Muslims would seek to attack and loot pilgrims
• especially between Salta (a port town) and Jerusalem.

Question 25

Who founded the knights Templar?

Answer 25

-Hugh De Paynes.

Question 26

Who made up the knights templar?

Answer 26

There were 500 knights, several thousand sergeants and then more support staff.

Question 27

Which influential figure donated to the knights templar?

Answer 27

-Fulk

Question 28

Who were the knights templar motivated by?

Answer 28

-God/religious zeal- giving them an edge in battle.

Question 29

What was a drawback of the castles built?

Answer 29

there was however a lack of men.

-it was a very expensive method of attack.

Question 30

Why were castles made?

Answer 30

• castles help consolidate territorial gains.
• Good centres for administration.
• A place for protection for supplies.
• Knew how hard fortresses like Antioch are to get into.

Question 31

Why were Muslims disunited at the time of the crusader state establishment?

Answer 31

• Muslims confused of Frankish motivations
• The Muslim world was not united under one leader with city states rival to one another. E.g., Aleppo/ Damascus/ Mosul.
• The Sunni/Shia split.
• Muslim leaders often cooperate in order to secure their state.

Question 32

What did Fulcher of Charters say about the Muslim powers?

Answer 32

‘why did they not… devour and destroy us’