The structure of DNA & RNA

Question 2

Mononucleotide

Answer 2

DNA belongs to a group of macromolecules
The building blocks of nucleic acids are called mononucleotides
Two principal types nucleic acid are found in cells deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 3

Mononucletoide

Answer 3

A mononulceotide is made up of
An inorganic phosphate group
A pentose sugar - ribose in RNA & deoxyribose in DNA
A base which contains nitrogen - adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil (only in RNA) & thymine (only in DNA)

Question 4

Mononucleotide: two kinds of bases in DNA

Answer 4

Purines
Pyrimidines

Question 5

Purines

Answer 5

Are double ring bases

Question 6

Pyrimidines

Answer 6

Are single base rings

Question 7

Examples: purines

Answer 7

Adenine
Guanine

Question 8

Examples: pyrimidines

Answer 8

Thymine
Cytosine

Question 9

Mononucleotide

Answer 9

Condensation reactions join up the inorganic phosphate group & nitrogenous bass to the sugar by removal of water molecules

Question 11

Formation of dinonucletide

Answer 11

Two monosaccharides removal of water forms dinonucleotide

Question 12

Nucleotides linked together by condensation reaction forms: bond

Answer 12

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 13

Formation of polynucleotide

Answer 13

Nucleotides linked together by condensation reaction forms phosphodiester bonds

Question 14

Polynucleotide

Answer 14

Ribonucleic acids (RNA)
Deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA)

Question 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): single strand

Answer 15

The backbone of the molecule if alternating phosphate & deoxyribose sugar
Pointing inwards from the 2 sugar-phosphate back bones are the bases which makes pairs in a specific way

Question 16

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): double strand

Answer 16

Remember DNA has two strands that fit together something like a zipper
The two strands which are anti parallel one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ end and the other runs from 5’ to 3’ end

Question 17

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

The bases attract each other because of hydrogens bonds

Question 18

When making hydrogen bonds

Answer 18

Cytosine always pairs up with guanine
Adenine always pairs up with thymine

Question 19

Ribonucelic acid (RNA)

Answer 19

RNA is a single polynucleotide chain. The mononucleotides are linked to each other by phospho-diester bonds
RNA can fold into complex shape held in place by hydrogen bonds or remain as long as long thread like molecules

Question 20

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 20

Each mononucleotide contains
A ribose sugar
A nitrogen base (except thymine)
A phosphate group

Question 21

polymer

Answer 21

RNA