Risk factors of CVD

Question 2

Risk factors

Answer 2

Any factor, which increases the chances of suffering from cardiovascular diseases

Question 3

Risk factors:

Answer 3

Non-modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factors (lifestyle factors)

Question 4

Non-modifiable risk factors

Answer 4

Age
Gender
Gene

Question 5

Modifiable risk factors (lifestyle factors)

Answer 5

Diet
Stress
Obesity
Drinking alcohol
Smoking

Question 6

Non-modifiable risk factors: genes

Answer 6

There is a genetic tendency (trend) in some families, & ethnic groups, to develop CVDs
These trends can include;
Arteries which are easily damaged
A tendency to develop hypertension which can cause arterial damage & make CVDs more likely
Problems with cholesterol balance of the body

Question 7

Non-modifiable risk factors: age

Answer 7

As a person grows older, his blood vessels naturally lose their elasticity & narrows slightly. This first raises his Bp & then gradually sets up the events leading to heart attack

Question 8

Non-modifiable risk factors : gender

Answer 8

The female hormone estrogen appears to reduce the build up of plaque.
Giving protection against CVDs until they go through the menopause when oestrogen falls

Question 9

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 9

The modifiable factors affecting the risk of developing CVDs are same throughout the world
However the number of people who die of CVDs varies enormously depending on where they live
This graph shows that other factors are involved - factors which varies with the lifestyle

Question 10

Modifiable risk factors: smoking

Answer 10

Smokers are far more likely to develop atherosclerosis than non-smoker with a similar lifestyle
Substances in tobacco smoke
1 damage the artery lining
Builds up plaque
2 narrow the artery
Cause raised bp & risk of atheroma

Question 11

Modifiable risk factors - inactivity: risks

Answer 11

1. Increased risk of obesity
2. Increased risk of diabetes
3. High blood pressure
4. High risk of CVD

Question 12

Modifiable risk factors - activity: benefits of exercise

Answer 12

1. Lower blood pressure
2. Prevent obesity & diabetes
3. Lowers blood cholesterol
4. Balance lipoprotein
5. Reduce stress

Question 13

Modifiable risk factors: high blood pressure

Answer 13

Yes

Question 15

Modifiable risk factors: diet & obesity

Answer 15

Most scientists think the best predictors of future CVDs are;
Where fat is stored in the body
Apple shape - more weight above the waist
Pear shape - more weight below the waist
Amount of exercise being carried
Levels of different fats in the blood