Atherosclerosis

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Atherosclerosis a hardening of arteries is a disease in which plaque build up on the inside of arteries

Question 3

How atherosclerosis develops: 1 endothelial dysfunction

Answer 3

The lining or inner lining (endothelium) is usually smooth and unbroken
Atherosclerosis develops when endothelium is injured or diseased

Question 4

Endothelial dysfunction factors

Answer 4

High cholesterol
Diabetes
Smoking
High Bp

Question 5

How atherosclerosis develops: 2 inflammatory response

Answer 5

Monocytes & T-cells are activated & move out of blood stream & through the lining of artery into artery wall.
Inflammatory response
Inside the lining monocytes transform into foam cells
Which collect fatty material mainly cholesterol

Question 6

How atherosclerosis develops: 3 plaque formation

Answer 6

Fibrous tissues, cholesterol & calcium salts build up
This accumulation forms a patchy deposit
Atheroma/plaque

Question 7

How atherosclerosis develops: 4 raised blood pressure

Answer 7

As they grow some plaques thicken the artery wall & narrows the lumen of arteries
Artery wall hardens & becomes less elastic
Atherosclerosis
The lumen of the artery becomes narrower & less elastic as a result of the plaque
This increases blood pressure making it harder for the heart to pump blood around the body
Making it more likely to damage endothelial lining in other areas & more plaque will form. More plaque will make the blood pressure even higher
Positive feedback mechanism

Question 8

4 raised blood pressure: plaques

Answer 8

Narrow/block the artery - reducing/blocking blood flow
Plaque splits open triggering a blood clot & blocking the artery

Question 9

Effect of atherosclerosis on health: aneurysm

Answer 9

If an area is narrow by plaque blood tends to collect behind the blockage .
The artery bulge & the wall is put under more pressure than usual so it becomes weakened
Aneurysm
The weakened artery may split open leading to massive internal bleeding
Mostly happens in aorta or blood vessels supplying the brain. The massive blood loss & drop in blood pressure are often fatal

Question 10

Effect of atherosclerosis on health: raised blood pressure

Answer 10

The arteries are narrowed due to plaque on the walls cause raised blood pressure .
The high blood pressure might damage the tiny blood vessels filtering urea & other substances from blood
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