The straining foal Flashcards
what can cause abdominal straining in the foal
Meconium impaction
Enterocolitis
Dysmotility
Small intestinal strangulation
Congenital abnormalities
Intussusceptions
Hernias
Gastric or duodenal ulceration
Lactose intolerance
List 3 things that can cause urinary straining in foals
uroabdomen
congenital abnormalities
umbilical infection ??
what diagnostic tests can we do in foals
IgG
glucose
lactate
haematology and bichem
USG
ultrasound
radiography
+ENEMA
clinical signs of meconium impaction
no meconium
colic
tail flagging
clinical signs of enterocolitis
d+
colic
tail flagging
sepsis
dysmotility clinical signs
colic
tail flagging
sepsis
SI stranglulation clinical signs
colic +/- sepsis
intussusception clinical signs
colic +/- reflux +/- sepsis
lactose intolerance clinical signs
d+
clinical signs of uroabdomen
tail flagging
posturing +/- stranguria
dysuria
depression
weakness
hypovolaemic signs
clinical signs of umbilical infection
colic
tail flagging
sepsis
where does meconium tend to impact
small colon and pelvic inlet
what does meconium impaction look like on US
Hypoechoic-anechoic
Intestinal wall contracted around it
Speckled
treatment for meconium impation
phosphate enema (can be done twice in first 24 hours)
+
warm soapy water enema
If both of these fail= do a acetylcysteine retention enema
Describe a acetylcysteine retention enema
sedate foal
hindend elevated
foley placed in rectum and cuffed
solution administered (4% acetylcysteine), left for 45 mins
clamp then released and this should clear the impaction
how often can you do acetylcysteine retention enemas
you can do it twice (12-24 hours in between tries)
If enemas don’t work, how can we treat meconium impaction
surgery to remove the impation
what is patent urachus
total failure or urachus to obliterate –> urine discharge from umbilicus
Treatment of umbilical infections
broad spec Abs
repeat ultrasounds
surgery can be done if there is no response to medical management
where do we commonly get secondary infections afterumbilical infections
joints and thorax
what is a uroabdomen
presence of urine in abdominal cavity- generally associated with ruptured bladder
when does a ruptured bladder normally occur
during parturition due to full bladder
diagnosis of uroabdomen
US- sometimes find site of leakage
abdominocentesis - confirmation of urine if the peritoneal creatinine is 2x ther serum creatinine
why do we see hyperkalaemia with uroabdomen
due to reabsorption of potassium from the urine in the abdomen
