Common diseases and surgery of the stallion/ gelding Flashcards
when is castration of horses generally done
6-12 months
3 way to diagnose crytorchidism in horses
Palpation of scrotum / inguinal region
Rectal palpation of inguinal ring
Endocrine testing- testosterone response ti hCG administration
ways to treat cryptorchidism
most done laparoscopically now
inguinal
para-ingunial
List 3 potenial causes of poor libido in horses
testicular hypoplasia or degeneration
painful conditions
over use- more common in older horses
List the 3 most common penile tumours
squamous cell carcinoma
papillomas
melanomas
where do penile tumours tend to orginate
urethral fossa/diverticula
Decsribe what penile tumours typically look like
Initial lesions may be small pink and cauliflower -like
Later lesions may become very large and pedunculated
prognosis of penile tumours
Prognosis depends on the stage of the tumour – identify early, assess extent of involvement and biopsy lymph nodes (inguinal LN)
Desribe how to treat penile tumours- local with no invasion/spread
Cryotherapy/ topical treatment with 5-fluorouracil
OR local excision
Treatment of penile tumours with excessive spread or invasive (S3 lesions)
Partial phallectomy and sheath ablation
pallative care
euthanasia
Treatment of penile tumours with abdominal spread
pallative treatment or euthanasia
penile posthioplasty
surgical reconstruction of the prepuce
Partial phallectomy
removal of part of the penis
what can you see on stallion with equine herpes virus 3
small vesicaes on the penis and sheath
usually resolve spontaneously
what do you see on stallion with papilloma virus
Small, raised florid lesions on the penis
Stallions rapidly develop immunity and the lesions are self-limiting
How to treat scrotal trauma
usually results from kick from mare
treat symptomatically rapidily (try reduce scrotal temp)
NSAID
systemic broad spec Abs
why is scrotal trauma a problem in a stallion
sig problem as may lead to testicular degeneration
How to diagnose scrotal (inguinal) hernia
US exam
rectal palpation
List 7 abnormalities of the testes
Difference in size and appearance
Abnormalities of testicular descent
Testicular degeneration
Testicular haematoma
Torsion of the spermatic cord
Orchitis
Testicular neoplasia
Why does testicular degeneration typically occur
generally secondary to thermal injury to the area
what occurs in testicular degeneration
testese become soft and gradulally decrease in size
Echogenic stippling often present on ultrasound examination
How to treat testicular degeneration
ain’t any - poor horse
so important to recognise conditions that can lead to it to minimise it happening
How to reduce risk of testicular degeneration
Scrotal and testicular pathology should be treated as quickly as possible
cold water hosing
NSAIDs
disease specific treatment
in some unilateral cases- hemicatsration
most common cause of orchitis
local trauma
treatment of orchitis
control the primary cause
try reduce the testicular temp to prevent subsequent testicular degeneration
what do you see with testicular neoplasia
Testicular tumours are rare and commonly unilateral therefore they usually cause unilateral enlargement
may be reduced size of the contra-lateral testis
Treatment of testicular neoplasia
castration
what horses are SCC commonly seen in and why
older gedings - smegma is believed to be carcinogenic
describe torsion of the spermatic cord
very painful ondition caused by twisting of spermatic cord
