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23- EQ- repro/uro > Anaesthesia for colt castrates ( & the odd donkey) > Flashcards

Anaesthesia for colt castrates ( & the odd donkey) Flashcards

1
Q

what should you check as part of pre-op evaluation for castration

A

full clinical exam
history of scrotal swelling
evidence of scrotal hernia
palpate the size of inguinal ring
talk to owner about each technique
owner sign to consent form
make surgical plan

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2
Q

what sedation is used for standing surgical anaesthesia

A

usually involves alpha 2 agonist (xylazine, detomidine, romifidine)
can combine with a opioid (buprenorphine or butorphanol)
Can preceed with ACP

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3
Q

why are xylazine and acepromazine not combined

A

additive hypotensive effects

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4
Q

3 sites for local anaesthesia for equine castration

A

intratesticular
intrafunicular
ring block

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5
Q

what local anaesthetic is used in horses

A

lidocaine or mepivacaine

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6
Q

4 complications associated with equine castration

A

insufficient sedation
swollen scrotal tissue
Omentum/vaginal tunic/intestinal protrusion,
Haemorrhage.

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7
Q

Why can a theatre setting be preferable to a stable castration

A

Theatre will have better sterility, monitoring, allows longer surgery duration, better support and recovery.

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8
Q

why may field castration be preferred to theatre

A

fiels is cheaper and does not require transport to specialist

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9
Q

why may field castration be preferred to theatre

A

Field is cheaper and does not require transport to specialist facilities.

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10
Q

What inhalation anaesthetic agents are available in horses

A

sevoflurane
isoflurane

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11
Q

what is in triple dip

A

Guaifenesin, ketamine, xylazine

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12
Q

What is involved in recovery of stable sedation and GA equine castration?

A

Check bleeding, keep horse in box for 24-48hrs,
Start gentle controlled exercise after 48hrs,
Can have a post op check sheet for the owner.

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13
Q

Considerations that need to be made for a donkey castration

A

Donkey must be able to walk in hand,
Pre-op examination with haem and biochem,
Tetanus status,
Sedate and place IV catheter,
Standing sedation can be difficult.

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14
Q

What makes IV access in a donkey more difficult?

A

Cutaneous Colli muscle

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15
Q

List 3 advantages of standing open castration

A

avoids GA risks
lower cost
shorter procedure

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16
Q

List 2 disadvantages of standing open castration

A

can be difficult and hazardous for the surgeon
less optimal surgical conditions

17
Q

advantages of closed castration in theatre

A

optimal surgical conditions

18
Q

disadvantages of closed castration in theatre

A

requires GA
costs more
takes longer

19
Q

why must mature large breed horse castration be done closed in theatre

A

large risk of evisceration if the surgery is not done right

20
Q

why should donkey castration be done closed in theatre

A

they can be dangerous to castrate standing and their thick blood vessels need ligation

21
Q

what to do if herniation occurs post castration

A

keep animal calm
pack scrotum
contain tissue in drape
give ABs, NSAIDs, fluids
REFER

22
Q

How can we fix post op castration haemorrhage

A

identify the haemorrhage location, place a haemostate and wait for bleeding to stop

23
Q

How to prevent post-op swelling/oedema

A

walk horse 2x day for 30 mins
NSAIDs

24
Q

Treatment of scrotal abscess or post-op infections

A

remove infected tissue
allow drainage
lavage surgical site

25
Q

what is champigon

A

uncommon delayed post-castration infection

26
Q

How to treat champigon

A

surgical removal of all diseased tissue and foreign material

27
Q

what is schirrous cord

A

persistent hronic spermatic cord infection

28
Q

How to treat schirrous cord

A

surgical removal of the spermatic cord

29
Q

What is a hydrocele

A

accumulation of fluid within the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis

30
Q

what causes hydrocoele formation

A

failure to resect an adequate amount of vaginal tunic during castration

31
Q

how can we treat hydrocoele

A

surgical removal of the redundant vaginal tunic

32
Q

List 9 differntials for scrotal swelling

A

scrotal trauma
scrotal dermatitis
scrotal hernia
scrotal adhesions
viral disease
orchitis
epididymitis
neoplasia
torsion of the spermatic cord

33
Q

How to tell the difference between strangulating and non-strangulating hernias

A

strangulated will be painful and non-reducible- horse likely to have colic signs

34
Q

how to differentiate between herniation and testicular torsion

A

rectal/ scrotal palpation and ultrasound

35
Q

How to treat hernias

A

surgery
resect compromised bowel, remove affected testes
close inguinal ring

23- EQ- repro/uro (21 decks)

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