Anaesthesia for colt castrates ( & the odd donkey) Flashcards
what should you check as part of pre-op evaluation for castration
full clinical exam
history of scrotal swelling
evidence of scrotal hernia
palpate the size of inguinal ring
talk to owner about each technique
owner sign to consent form
make surgical plan
what sedation is used for standing surgical anaesthesia
usually involves alpha 2 agonist (xylazine, detomidine, romifidine)
can combine with a opioid (buprenorphine or butorphanol)
Can preceed with ACP
why are xylazine and acepromazine not combined
additive hypotensive effects
3 sites for local anaesthesia for equine castration
intratesticular
intrafunicular
ring block
what local anaesthetic is used in horses
lidocaine or mepivacaine
4 complications associated with equine castration
insufficient sedation
swollen scrotal tissue
Omentum/vaginal tunic/intestinal protrusion,
Haemorrhage.
Why can a theatre setting be preferable to a stable castration
Theatre will have better sterility, monitoring, allows longer surgery duration, better support and recovery.
why may field castration be preferred to theatre
fiels is cheaper and does not require transport to specialist
why may field castration be preferred to theatre
Field is cheaper and does not require transport to specialist facilities.
What inhalation anaesthetic agents are available in horses
sevoflurane
isoflurane
what is in triple dip
Guaifenesin, ketamine, xylazine
What is involved in recovery of stable sedation and GA equine castration?
Check bleeding, keep horse in box for 24-48hrs,
Start gentle controlled exercise after 48hrs,
Can have a post op check sheet for the owner.
Considerations that need to be made for a donkey castration
Donkey must be able to walk in hand,
Pre-op examination with haem and biochem,
Tetanus status,
Sedate and place IV catheter,
Standing sedation can be difficult.
What makes IV access in a donkey more difficult?
Cutaneous Colli muscle
List 3 advantages of standing open castration
avoids GA risks
lower cost
shorter procedure
List 2 disadvantages of standing open castration
can be difficult and hazardous for the surgeon
less optimal surgical conditions
advantages of closed castration in theatre
optimal surgical conditions
disadvantages of closed castration in theatre
requires GA
costs more
takes longer
why must mature large breed horse castration be done closed in theatre
large risk of evisceration if the surgery is not done right
why should donkey castration be done closed in theatre
they can be dangerous to castrate standing and their thick blood vessels need ligation
what to do if herniation occurs post castration
keep animal calm
pack scrotum
contain tissue in drape
give ABs, NSAIDs, fluids
REFER
How can we fix post op castration haemorrhage
identify the haemorrhage location, place a haemostate and wait for bleeding to stop
How to prevent post-op swelling/oedema
walk horse 2x day for 30 mins
NSAIDs
Treatment of scrotal abscess or post-op infections
remove infected tissue
allow drainage
lavage surgical site
what is champigon
uncommon delayed post-castration infection
How to treat champigon
surgical removal of all diseased tissue and foreign material
what is schirrous cord
persistent hronic spermatic cord infection
How to treat schirrous cord
surgical removal of the spermatic cord
What is a hydrocele
accumulation of fluid within the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis
what causes hydrocoele formation
failure to resect an adequate amount of vaginal tunic during castration
how can we treat hydrocoele
surgical removal of the redundant vaginal tunic
List 9 differntials for scrotal swelling
scrotal trauma
scrotal dermatitis
scrotal hernia
scrotal adhesions
viral disease
orchitis
epididymitis
neoplasia
torsion of the spermatic cord
How to tell the difference between strangulating and non-strangulating hernias
strangulated will be painful and non-reducible- horse likely to have colic signs
how to differentiate between herniation and testicular torsion
rectal/ scrotal palpation and ultrasound
How to treat hernias
surgery
resect compromised bowel, remove affected testes
close inguinal ring
