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History - USA > The spread of the Depression (T2) > Flashcards

The spread of the Depression (T2) Flashcards

1
Q

What was unemployment like before the depression?

A

Unemployment was as low as 3.2% in 1929

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2
Q

What was unemployment like after the depression?

A
  • Some estimates were around 25.2% by 1933 of the labour force - this meant 12,830,000 were out of work
  • Others estimated it was closer to 17 million
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3
Q

What was the national wage bill estimated at in 1932 compared to 1929?

A

Only 40% of the 1929 figure

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4
Q

What was the GDP like before the depression?

A

In 1920 –> $73 billion

In 1929 –> $104 billion

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5
Q

What was the GDP like in 1933 after the depression?

A

Around half of what it was in 1929 (around $54 billion)

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6
Q

What was the GNP in 1929?

A

$203.6 billion

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7
Q

What was the GNP after the depression?

A

$144.2 billion

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8
Q

In 1929 how much was spent on radios?

A

$852 million

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9
Q

Before the depression, who’s fault was it seen as for unemployment?

A

The individual

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10
Q

Before 1932, how many states had any recognised unemployment benefit?

A

None

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11
Q

Before 1932 how many states had pension schemes?

A

11

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12
Q

What was the suicide rate in 1929?

A

14% per 10,000

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13
Q

After the depression what did many familie shave to do to survive?

A

They had to sell belongings, clothes, furniture and anything that would help them to survive

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14
Q

What was the suicide rate in 1932?

A

17.4 % per 10,000

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15
Q

How did the rate of marriages change between 1929 and 1932?

A

1929 –> 1.23 million

1932 –> 982,000

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16
Q

How did the birth rate change between 1929 and 1932?

A

1929 –> 21.2 per thousand

1932 –> 19.5 per thousand

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17
Q

Was there any form of benefits during the depression?

A

No - none at all

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18
Q

How many one parent families headed by women were there in 1931?

How many of these received any aid?

A

3.8 million

19,280 received any aid

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19
Q

Who were the presidents during the depression and the new deal?

A
  • Herbert Hoover (March 1929 - March 1933)

- Franklin Delano Roosevelt (March 1933 - April 1945)

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20
Q

Who was President 1933 - 1945?

A

Franklin D Roosevelt

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21
Q

Was Franklin D Roosevelt a Democrat or Republican?

A

Democrat

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22
Q

Was Herbert Hoover a Democrat or Republican?

A

Republican

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23
Q

Who was Secretary of the Treasury 1921-1932?

A

Andrew Mellon

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24
Q

Who was Secretary of the Treasury 1932-1933?

A

Ogden Mills

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25
Q

Who was Secretary of the Treasury in 1933?

A

William Woodin

26
Q

Who was Secretary of the Treasury 1933-1945?

A

Henry Morgenthau Jr

27
Q

In 1929 how many cars were on the road?

A

27 million

28
Q

How many cars were sold in 1929?

A

4,455,178

29
Q

In 1929 how many electrical goods were sold?

A

160 million

30
Q

What happened due to the Federal Highway Act of 1921?

A

Highways were being built at a rate of 10,000 miles per year by 1929

31
Q

Give evidence of credit being popular by 1929

A
  • $7 billion worth of good were purchased on credit

- 75% of cars were bought on credit

32
Q

During the 1920s how many banks had there been?

How many of these of these closed?

A

30,000

5,000

33
Q

What was the coal industry like in 1932?

A
  • Production of coal was at its lowest since 1904
34
Q

How much did the coal workforce fall by in 1932?

A

300,000

35
Q

How much did iron and steel production fall by in 1932?

A

59%

36
Q

By the end of 1932 what was the US steel workforce like?

A

They were all part time workers

37
Q

How much did car sales fall between 1929-1933?

A

1929 - sales were 4,455,178

1933 - sales were 1,103,557

38
Q

Give an example of how the car manufacturing workforce fell in the years of the depression.

A

Car manufacturing company Willis-Overland were employing 3,000 of their previous 25,000 strong workforce

39
Q

What happened to the people employed in the electrical industry during the depression years?

A

The workers employed by big companies such as these halved

40
Q

Which electrical product was the only one not to suffer a significant fall in the depression years?

A

The lightbulb

41
Q

How much did the amount of new build residential units fall by between 1929-1932?

A

82%

42
Q

What were construction contracts valued at in 1929?

A

$6.6bn

43
Q

What were construction contracts valued at in 1932?

A

$1.3bn

44
Q

What happened when people failed repayments on their goods after the WSC?

A

The items were reposessed

45
Q

From 1929-1933 how many banks closed?

A

10,000

46
Q

What happened to schools in Arkansas after the depression?

A

They were closed for 10 months of the year as the gov could not afford to keep them open

47
Q

What happened to teachers in Chicago in the winter of 1932-33?

A

They were unpaid for the whole winter which meant they and their families suffered

48
Q

What were farmers lives like before the depression?

A

They were one of the few groups who had not benefited from the boom

49
Q

What did the boom mean for farmers?

A
  • They could now afford to keep up mortgage repayments on their farms
  • Their land could be auctioned so they could sell it on for money
50
Q

What was one negative effect of the boom on farmers?

A

Many couldn’t harvest their crops profitably

51
Q

After the depression, what was unemployment like for black Americans?

A

The no. black Americans that were unemployed was 4-6 times higher than white Americans

52
Q

Which job had previously been reserved for black Americans, but was later saved for whites after the depression?

A

Waitressing

53
Q

What was the migration of black Americans like during the depression?

A

It slowed right down

54
Q

What was the Dust Bowl?

A

The weather was so dry and the ground had dried up so when tornadoes blew there were dust storms and crops were destroyed

55
Q

As farms suffered from the depression, how many hispanic Americans were sent back to Mexico?

A

400,000

56
Q

How much of the native Americans land was owned by mainly white Americans and what would it be used for?

A

90 million acres of the 138 million

The land would be exploited for its raw materials

57
Q

What were the boom years like for ethnic minorities?

A

They didn’t benefit anywhere near as much as white Americans

58
Q

Which minority group were the poorest during the boom?

A

Native Americans

59
Q

What was the Dawes Severalty Act 1877?

A

Allotment forced them from their homelands into reduced farm land and segregated them from wider society

60
Q

What was the boom like for hispanic Americans?

A

They had been seasonal workers during the 1920s and had been given work in Texas

History - USA (37 decks)

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