Immigration & the Red Scare (T1) Flashcards
What law was by congress passed in 1921?
Emergency Immigration Law.
What did the Emergency Immigration law impose?
This imposed an annual ceiling on immigration from any European country, limiting it to 3% of the nationals already living in the US.
What was the Emergency Immigration law of 1921 stiffened to in 1924?
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act.
What was the Johnson-Reed Immigration Law about?
It banned any immigrants from Japan; other Asian groups having being barred earlier.
It also set a cap on the immigration at 150,000 per year., however these ceilings did not apply to Mexicans, whom Californian farmers usually used as a supply of cheap labour at harvest time.
What group of people were usually accepted as immigrants in USA at the time?
White Immigrants.
What were some of the starting factors fo r the Red Scare?
After the First World War, high inflation caused much industrial unrest. In 1920 food prices had doubled from 1913.
It was estimated that 4 million workers wren on strike in 1919 (1/5 of the labour force).
What did people believe about the strikers?
They were influenced by communism and led by it. People began to fear strikers. brouhgt the city of Seattle and to a halt and in Boston the police were even striking.
What are some examples of the effects of strikers in certain cities?
Brought the city of Seattle and to a halt and in Boston the police were even striking.
Were there assassination attempts at high-profile Americans?
Yes
Who was one of the high-profile Americans who were attempted to be assassinated?
Billionaire, John D. Rockefeller
In the period following the First World War, what happened in Russia?
There was a Russian Revolution which imposed a communise government in Russia.
What did this Russian Communist revolution cause?
There was a Red Scare leading to 6,000 arrests in early 1920s.
What were these 6,000 arrests in 1920 also known as?
The Palmer Raids.
Who were the Palmer Raids named after?
Attorney General, Mitchell Palmer, who was also an intended target for assassination.
what happened to those who were arrested?
They ere released after a few days as there was no sufficient evidence to convict them.
What is a significant case that is related to the Red Scare?
The case of Sacco and Vanzetti.
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
They were Italian Immigrants, neither of whom spoke English very well.
Why were Sacco and Vanzetti arrested?
When they were arrested, they were charged with armed robbery near Boston in May 1920, they were found to be carrying guns. They also claimed to be anarchists.
What was the fate of Sacco and Vanzetti?
Although there was little evidence against them, Sacco and Vanzetti were found guilty and eventually in 1927 were executed.
