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History - USA > Opposition to the first new deal (T2) > Flashcards

Opposition to the first new deal (T2) Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the main reason for the right opposing the new deal?

A

It was too radical

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2
Q

What was the main reason for the left opposing the new deal?

A

It wasn’t radical enough

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3
Q

Who turned against Roosevelt in the new deal?

A

Many of the wealthy who had supported Roosevelt in days of the Depression

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4
Q

Why did many of the wealthy turn against Roosevelt in the new deal?

A
  • Increased taxing mainly affected them

- They felt the government had become too involved

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5
Q

What issues were the Republicans facing at this time?

A

They were struggling to find a strong candidate for the 1936 election

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6
Q

Why were the Republicans struggling to gain support?

A

They were still associated with their failures in the 1930s with Hoover

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7
Q

When was the Liberty League organised?

A

April 1934

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8
Q

Who was the Liberty League set up by?

A

Many conservative Democrats as well as Republicans

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9
Q

What was the role of the Liberty league?

A

To promote private property and enterprise unregulated by the law

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10
Q

How did the Liberty League form an opposition to Roosevelt?

A

They attacked Roosevelt throughout the New Deal years - they formed the basis of right-wing opposition to him

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11
Q

By July 1936 how many members did the Liberty League have?

A

125,000

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12
Q

After Roosevelt’s victory in 1936, what was membership of the Liberty League like?

A

It became less significant after Roosevelt won the election

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13
Q

Which opposition was Roosevelt most concerned about at this time?

A

Opposition from the left

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14
Q

Why did Roosevelt feel particularly threatened by the left wing opposition?

A

He feared they would join together to form a third party to challenge him in the next election

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15
Q

What were some of the main threats to Roosevelt from the left?

A
  • Huey Long
  • Father Charles Coughlin
  • Old Age Revolving Pensions
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16
Q

What was EPIC?

A

End Poverty In California

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17
Q

Who came up with the EPIC scheme?

A

The novelist Upton Sinclair

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18
Q

What would happen in the EPIC scheme?

A
  • The unemployed would be put to work in state-run co-operatives
  • They’d be paid in currency
  • They could spend this other co-operatives
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19
Q

How successful was the EPIC scheme?

A

For a time they gained credibility and proved useful recruits for more serious alternative movements

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20
Q

Who set up ‘share our wealth’?

A

Huey Long

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21
Q

When was ‘share our wealth’ set up?

A

February 1934

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22
Q

What was ‘share our wealth’?

A

All private fortunes over $3 million should be confiscated and should be shared amongst the poorer people

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23
Q

In ‘share our wealth’, what did Huey Long suggest every family should be given enough money to buy?

A
  • A house
  • A car
  • A radio
24
Q

What was another factor of ‘share our wealth’ that Huey Long suggested?

A
  • Old age pensions
  • Minimum wage
  • Free college education (for suitable candidates)
25
Q

What did the minimum wage in the ‘share our wealth’ scheme guarantee?

A

Every family would have $2,000 - $3,000 per year

26
Q

How many ‘share our wealth’ clubs were there across the USA?

A

27,431

27
Q

How many members of share our wealth schemes were there?

A

4.6 million

28
Q

Who was Huey Long?

A

An energetic governor of Louisiana

29
Q

What had Huey Long ordered as a governor of Louisiana?

A

Massive public works programmes

30
Q

How many miles of public paved highways were built due to Huey Long’s public works schemes?

A

Over 3,000 miles between 1928 and 1933

31
Q

What was achieved from Huey Long’s public works schemes?

A
  • New public buildings
  • New airport in New Orleans
  • Ambitious adult literacy schemes
32
Q

What was an issue with the way Huey Long governed?

A

He governed as a dictator and opponents were treated quite brutally by his bully boys

33
Q

Why did Long propose joining forces with other radicals?

A

They began to talk about forming a third party which would oppose Roosevelt in the 1936 election

34
Q

What happened to Long in 1935?

A

He was assasinated

35
Q

Give an example of Long’s populrity

A

In 1935 a secret poll was taken to test Long’s popularity - up to 4 million people might vote for Long in 1936

36
Q

What were the rumours around Long’s death?

A

That Roosevelt’s hand was somehow behind the assasination

37
Q

How did Roosevelt feel about Long’s assassination?

A

Relieved as his main competitor was no longer alive

38
Q

Who advocated the old age pensions?

A

Francis Townsend

39
Q

Who was Francis Townsend?

A

A retired doctor who advocated old age pensions with a difference

40
Q

What did Francis Townsend argue pensioners should receive?

A

Everyone over 60 who was not in paid employment should receive $200 per month as long as it was all spent (not a cent saved)

41
Q

How did the pension scheme which Francis Townsend proposed aim to help the economy?

A

It would pull the USA out of the Depression as it would boost consumption

42
Q

How did the pension scheme that Francis Townsend proposed aim to help unemployment?

A

If people retire at 60 - it provides more jobs for the young

43
Q

How many members did Townsend clubs have?

A

500,000 members - congress was being lobbied to put the plan in place

44
Q

How was the pension scheme proposed by Townsend impractical?

A
  • Payments of recipients would have been 50% of national income
  • Would need an army of bureaucrats to check all money was spent
45
Q

Who was Father Charles Coughlin?

A

A priest whose radio programme was extremely popular and very influential during the 1930s

46
Q

What was Father Charles Coughlin’s radio programme called?

A

‘The golden hour of the little flower’

47
Q

What was the audience of Father Charles Coughlin’s radio show?

A

It regularly commanded an audience of 30-40 million

48
Q

How much did the listeners of Father Charles Coughlin’s show contribute to his parish per year?

A

$5 million a year to his parish in Detroit

49
Q

What did Coughlin start in 1934?

A

The National Union for Social Justice

50
Q

What was the aim of the National Union for Social Justice?

A

The aim of monetary reform and redistribution of wealth

51
Q

Why was Roosevelt particularly afraid of Coughlin?

A

He had much influence and could have formed a possible alliance with Long

52
Q

Why did Coughlin lose popularity?

A

He became increasingly anti-semitic –> blaming Jews for both the New Deal and control of Wall St.

53
Q

What was thunder on the left?

A

The name given to various political developments that are credited with moving Roosevelt and the New Deal further to the left in 1935 and 1936

54
Q

Give an example of someone from Thunder on the left

A

Governor Floyd B. Olson of Minnesota led the Farmer-Labour Party - proposed far reaching economic reforms

55
Q

What were the results of the 1934 mid-term congressional elections?

A

The Democrats won 69 out of 96 seats in the Senate

56
Q

What was important about the results of the 1934 mid-term elections?

A

It is the biggest Democratic majority to date

57
Q

What was Roosevelt influenced by when deciding on his second new deal?

A

The increasing opposition to bid business to his measures, the more radical demands of left wing politicians

History - USA (37 decks)

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