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History - USA > Prohibition (T1) > Flashcards

Prohibition (T1) Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the 18th amendment act put in place?

A

1918

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2
Q

What was the 18th amendment?

A

Banned the sale, transportation and manufacture of intoxicating liquor

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3
Q

What was the loophole in the 18th amendment?

A

The consumption of alcohol was not illegal

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4
Q

What was the Volstead act?

A

it defined an ‘intoxicating liquor’ as any drink containing more than 0.5% alcohol

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5
Q

Why did women want prohibition?

A

Women saw alcohol as a means by which men oppressed them

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6
Q

Why did big businesses want prohibition?

A
  • drunkenness in the workplace lead to ineffective working

- examples; Henry Ford, Harding, Coolidge, Heinz and The Rockefeller Corporation

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7
Q

Why did religious groups want prohibition?

A

They saw alcohol as the work of the devil and was overwhelmingly responsible for sin and wrongdoing

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8
Q

What was a typical supporter of prohibition like?

A
  • Protestant
  • Live in small towns in the South and West
  • (except in the south) tended to vote Republican
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9
Q

When was the Volstead act?

A

1920

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10
Q

What were opponents to prohibition like?

A
  • Likely to be urban
  • Of non-northern European ethnic origin
  • Roman catholic
  • Democrats
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11
Q

By 1917 how many states had already passed prohibition laws?

A

27

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12
Q

What 2 factors lead to increased popularity of prohibition?

A
  • The impact of the war

- Disorganisation of the opposition

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13
Q

Why during WW1 was grain used much less for alcoholic drinks?

A

They used it for food instead, therefore people felt it was patriotic to live without alcohol

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14
Q

What year was the Lever Act?

A

1917

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15
Q

What was the Lever Act?

A

Grain was banned from being used in the manufacture of alcoholic drinks

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16
Q

Why did many people not want to buy alcohol from large brewers such as Ruppert, Plabst and Leiber?

A

They were German brewers and during the war there was a strong anti-German feeling

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17
Q

Why was the opposition to prohibition not successful?

A

They were not well organised, there were a few rallies, but other than this there was little protest

18
Q

What were the main 5 reasons for the failure of prohibition?

A
  • Bootleggers
  • Geography/scale of the aim
  • Industrial alcohol
  • Disagreements between the “dry lobby”
  • Speakeasies and the desire to have a good time
19
Q

Why was the size of America an issue when in came to enforcing prohibition?

A
  • America had 18,700 miles of coastline and land border

- Waters on the east coast became known as ‘rum row’

20
Q

How successful was the smuggling of alcohol due the the size of America?

A
  • In 1925 Kramer guessed only 5% of all alcohol smuggled in was intercepted
  • In 1924 around $40mil worth seized, business was estimated at around $800mil
21
Q

What did bootleggers do?

A
  • They bought alcohol from chemists on prescription as this was still available
  • They brewed it and then sold it on
22
Q

Who was George Remus?

A
  • The ‘king of bootleggers’
  • Made $5mil in 5 years
  • would manufacture medical alcohol then an army of 3,000 gangsters would hijack his products and would divert them to illegal stills
23
Q

How many people died in NYC from alcohol poisoning?

A

34

24
Q

Why was the illegally manufactured alcohol called moonshine?

A

The alcohol was made in remote areas by the light of the moon

25
Q

Why was moonshine dangerous?

A

There was no quality control as it was not regulated - people died

26
Q

How did people try to remove the horrid taste from moonshine?

A

By making exotic cocktails

27
Q

Who would run speakeasies?

A

Gangsters

28
Q

Who tended to go to speakeasies?

A

fashionable city dwellers

29
Q

What were the 4 main reasons for prohibition?

A
  • Influential supporters
  • Pressure from temperance groups and religious groups
  • Aim was to stop alcohol trade
  • Gov. supporters concerned with moral regulation of a changing society
30
Q

How many treasury agents were employed to enforce prohibition?

A

3000

31
Q

How much were treasury agents compared to the profits of illegal industry?

A

$2,500 compared to $2 billion

32
Q

Why was there a divide in the oposition?

A

The anti-saloon league was divided as some members wanted stricter enforcement and others wanted education to stop people from drinking in the first place.

33
Q

What did the Anti-saloon league estamiate that would be needed to enforce the prohibition compared to what was given?

A

$5 million

$2 million

34
Q

What did the prohibition led to?

A

A huge growth in organised crime.

35
Q

Give an example of an illegal alcohol bossiness in Chicago?

A

John Torrio, ran most of the illegal alcohol businesses in Chicago and retired in 1925 with savings of $30 million

36
Q

Who was the most notorious gangsta?

how much had he made when he went to prison in 1932?

A

Al Capone

$70 million

37
Q

How was Capone a man of violence give examples?

A

Had an army of 700 and gangsters committed 300 murders.

38
Q

What did supports say about the successes of prohibition

A

That consumption fell from 2.6 gallons per year to 1 per year per person

Arrests and deaths from alcoholism fell

Fewer accidents in the work place

39
Q

What did Hoover do in may 1929?

A

He set up the Wickersham Commission to investigate the effectiveness of prohibition?

40
Q

What did the Wickersham Commission deliberate?

A

that the prohibition law could not be enforced.

It took up 66% of the law in enforcement budget

41
Q

When was the 18th amendment abolished?

A

In 1933 by Roosevelt

42
Q

What were the reasons for its failure?

A

Geographical size made enforcement impossible

Bootleggers

Easy to redistill industrial alcohol

Lack of resources or enforcement

Desires for pleasure among many Americans

Disagreements amount ‘Dry lobby”

History - USA (37 decks)

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