The Social Group Chapter 8 MCQ

Question 1

Entitativity

Answer 1

The feauture of a group that makes it appear a distinct unit that is bound together

Question 2

Intimacy groups

Answer 2

Groups that are closely tied together (e.g., family groups)

Question 3

Task groups

Answer 3

groups that come together temporarily to achieve a specific goal

Question 4

Common bond group

Answer 4

Groups in which the members have close personal bonds within the group

Question 5

Common identity group

Answer 5

Groups in which the members have close personal ties to the group itself

Question 6

Collectives and aggregates

Answer 6

people who share some connection, but there is no psychological value to the connection

Question 7

Group

Answer 7

Two or more people who define themselves as a group (having a sense of us) and who are also recognised by at least one other person

Question 8

Ingroup

Answer 8

term used to describe groups we belong to

Question 9

Outgroup

Answer 9

term used to describe groups we do not belong to

Question 10

Group socialization

Answer 10

the process of groups as a whole and group members coming together to meet each others needs and accomplish goals over time

Question 11

Socialisation outcomes

Answer 11

these relate to how members of the group feel about how they functioned to reachthe groups purpose. The most prominent outcome is group cohesion

Question 12

Group cohesion

Answer 12

The extent to which a group holds people to one another (and the group as a whole), which gives the group a sense of unity and commonality

Question 13

Social norms

Answer 13

Uniformities of behaviour and attitudes that determine, organise and differentiate groups from other groups

Question 14

Ethnomethodology

Answer 14

A method used for understanding hidden social norms by analysing peoples accounts and descriptions of their day-to-day activities

Question 15

Breaching experiment

Answer 15

a technique used in ethnomethodology that seeks to examine peoples reactions to violations of common social norms

Question 16

Frames of reference

Answer 16

the range of possible positions/attitudes/behaviours that people could adopt in a given situation. People use these frames of reference to guide their own thoughts and actions

Question 17

Social roles

Answer 17

Expectations shared by group members about how particular people in the group are supposed to behave

Question 18

Status

Answer 18

Shared evaluations of the prestige of roles within a group, the members of the group, or the group as a whole

Question 19

Diffuse status characteristics

Answer 19

Attributes not directly relevent to the group task but positively valued in society

Question 20

Specific status characteristics

Answer 20

Attributes directly relevant to the group task

Question 21

System justification theory

Answer 21

Theory that peoples dependence on social systems for wealth and security motivates them to justify these social systems and see them as fair

Question 22

Social creativity

Answer 22

Strategies that group members engage in to maintain the esteem of the group

Question 23

Marginal group members (deviants)

Answer 23

People who deviate too far from prototypical group members and group norms

Question 24

Black sheep effect

Answer 24

Derogation of deviant or marginal ingroup members

Question 25

Intergroup sensitivity effect

Answer 25

The tendency to prefer criticism to come from within the group than from an outsider

Question 26

Imposters

Answer 26

People who threaten the group by fraudulently claiming to be members

Question 27

Schism

Answer 27

A group divides into subgroups that differ usually in terms of their attitudes or values

Question 28

Subgroups

Answer 28

smaller groups nested within a larger group

Question 29

Cross-cutting categories

Answer 29

Subgroups that represent categories that have members outside the immediate larger group

Question 30

Opinion based groups

Answer 30

Groups that are formed around shared opinions

Question 31

Terror management theory

Answer 31

Theory proposing that human awareness of death creates a conctant source of existential anguish that must be dealt with

Question 32

Social identity

Answer 32

the aspect of our self/identity that is determined by our group memberships

Question 33

Social identity theory

Answer 33

The theory of group membership and intergroup relations arguing that personal identities and group membership complete peoples sense of self

Question 34

Prototype

Answer 34

Fuzzy sets of characteristics that define a group and distinguish it from other groups

Question 35

Self-categorisation

Answer 35

cognitive process of categorizing oneself as a group member

Question 36

Subjective uncertainty

Answer 36

Uncertainty about who we are and what we are supposed to do, which is alleviated by identification with groups

Question 37

Optimal distinctiveness

Answer 37

People like to feel unique as individuals but at the same time they feel the need to affiliate with others. They need to find the optimal balance between these needs

Question 38

Social ostracism

Answer 38

Being excluded from a group by the consensus of the group