Group Behaviour Chapter 10 MCQ Flashcards
Group behaviour
Behaviourdisplayed by people who are acting within, and as, a group
Group action
Behaviour by group members that is coordinated in order to achieve a common goal
Co-presence
Performing a task in the presence of other people
Social facilitation
The process by which the presence of others can facilitate heaviour
Mere presence
Social facilitation effects need not necessarily be competitive. The simple presence of others is enough to facilitate behaviour
Co-actors
People performing the same task at the same time but not performing the task collectively
Social inhibition
The process by which the presence of others can hinder behaviour
Drive
A negative state of tension associated with an unsatisfied need and motivates efforts to satisfy the need
Evaluation apprehension
Concern about being evaluated by observers when performing a task
Ringelmann effect
The observation that as group size increases, individual effort on the task decreases
Social loafing
The tendency for peoples performance to decrease in a group when they are not individually responsible for their actions
Free rider effect
The tendency for people to take advantage of a shared resource without having made an appropriate contribution
Output equity
People like everyone to pull their weight on tasks but generally perceive that others load
Contagion
Le Bon argued that this process leads to ideas being spread unpredictably and rapidly through crowds
Individuation
The process of differentiating between people. This is essentially the opposite of deindividuation
Attentional cues
Features of the environment that draw attention away from the self
Accountability cues
Factors that determine what behaviours people can get away with in social context
Emergent norm theory
Theory of crowd behaviour which argues that rather than being a product of randomness and process loss, behaviour in crowds is a result of social norms
Social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE)
Theory of deindividuation phenomena arguing that such phenomena are largely a result of increased group focus rather than a loss of individual focus
Risky shift
The finding that groups seem to make riskier decisions than individuals
Group polarization
Group interaction strengthens the initial leanings of group members so that attitudes (and decisions) become polarized
Pluralistic ignorance
A situation where a majority of group members privately reject a norm, but assume (incorrectly) that most others accept it
Groupthink
The mode of thinking that groups engage in when cohesion seems more important than making the right decision and considering alternatives
Brainstroming
Process of groups getting together and discussing a problem openly, allowing (many) ideas to flow freely
Great person theory
Theory of leadership asserting that leaders have an ideal combination of personality traits that enables them to be effective
Contingency theory of leadership
Theory arguing that leadership success is dependent on how task related or relationship oriented the leader is, and the amount of influence they have over the group
