Improving Intergroup Relations Chapter 12 MCQ

Question 1

Tokenism

Answer 1

Performing positive actions towards members of a minority or disadvantaged groups as a reaction to the discrimination they suffer. Tokenism may be a genuine attempt to counteract prejudice, or an attempt to deflect the charge of prejudice

Question 2

Affirmative action

Answer 2

A collective name for policies designed to promote the employment of people from disadvantaged minority groups

Question 3

Positive feedback bias

Answer 3

The process of giving more positive feedback (or less critical feedback) on work believed to have been performed by a minority group member rather than a majority group member

Question 4

Reverse discrimination

Answer 4

Sometimes, people will attempt to deflect accusations of prejudice by being openly or publicly prejudiced towards people in minority groups

Question 5

Contact theory

Answer 5

Originally Allports conception that bringing members of opposing groups together will improve intergroup relations, reduce prejudice and reduce discrimination

Question 6

Extended contact effect

Answer 6

Finding that people are less prejudiced if they are friends with an ingroup member who they know to have good friendships with outgroup members

Question 7

Imagined contact effect

Answer 7

Merely imagining positive encounters with people of minority groups will make people feel more positive towards that group

Question 8

Decategorisation

Answer 8

Group members emphasize individual (personal) differences rather than group identity

Question 9

Common ingroup identity model

Answer 9

Categorisation based approach to prejudice reduction asserting that a common ingroup identity will improve intergroup attitudes

Question 10

Recategorisation

Answer 10

Group members emphasize a common ingroup

Question 11

Crossed categorisation

Answer 11

Categorising oneself or someone else on more than one dimension at the same time can decrease the perception of differences between groups

Question 12

Mutual differentiation model

Answer 12

Model arguing that people are committed to some subordinate groups and experience distinctiveness threat when a superordinate identity looks as though it may replace distinctive subordinate groups

Question 13

Social identity complexity

Answer 13

The extent to which a persons important social identities or group memberships overlap with each other

Question 14

Multiculturalism

Answer 14

The ideology that diversity in a society should be acknowledged and celebrated

Question 15

Assimilationism/integrationism/colour blindness

Answer 15

The idea that diversity in a society should be downplayed and attempts should be made to downplay differences between groups

Question 16

Feeling thermometer

Answer 16

A rating scale (resembling a thermometer) designed to measure feelings of warmth or coldness towards people of different groups

Question 17

Rebound effect of thought suppression

Answer 17

The finding that after suppressing an unwanted thought, it can come back stronger than before

Question 18

Ironic monitoring

Answer 18

The idea that monitoring mental content for signs of unwanted thoughts can ironically activate the unwanted thought

Question 19

Bargaining

Answer 19

Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict through a process of negotiation

Question 20

Mediation

Answer 20

Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict by negotiating with the aid of third (independent) party

Question 21

Arbitration

Answer 21

Conflicting parties seek an end to the conflict with the aid of a third (independent) party who studies the situation and imposes a settlement

Question 22

Graduated and reciprocated initative in tension reduction (GRIT)

Answer 22

A conflict reduction technique that relies on both groups reciprocating a series of de-escalating actions

Question 23

Collective action

Answer 23

The pursuit of goals by more than one person. Specifically, it is the coordinated actions of disadvantaged group members in order to change intergroup relations