Attitudes, Emotions and Behaviour Chapter 4 MCQ Flashcards
Attitudes
Peoples evaluations of aspects of the social world
Attitude object
The thing an attitude is about
Ambivalent attitudes
Attitudes that are mixes, being both positive and negative
Values
Enduring beliefs about important aspects of life that go beyond specific situations
Ideologies
Interrelated and widely shared sets of beliefs that typically relate to social or political contexts
Tripartite model of attitudes
A model of the structure of attitudes which assumed that attitudes have three components; cognitive, affective (emotional) and behavioural
Attitude complexity
The number of dimensions along which an attitude object is evaluated
Attitude function
The study of why people have attitudes
Schema
A cognitive structure that represents information about a concept, its attributes and its relationship to other concepts
Mere exposure effect
The more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more we tend to like it
Social learning
People acquire their attitudes (as well as behaviours) often from others
Classical conditioning
Simple form of learning where a stimulus eventually evokes positive or negative reactions through repeated pairing with another stimulus
Subliminal conditioning
Classical conditioning that occurs outside the learners conscious awareness
Instrumental conditioning
A form of learnng whereby a behaviour followed by a positive response is more likely to be repeated
Observational learning
Individuals attitudes (and behaviours) are influences by observing others
Social representations theory
Theory that beliefs about the social world are formed through processes of social interaction
Attitude scale
A series of questions designed to gauge a persons attitudes on a topic
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Reaction time test that measures the strengths of automatic associations between mental representations of objects (concepts) in memory
Associative-propositional evaluation (APE) model
Model asserting that implicit and explicity attitudes are the behvioural outcomes of separate mental processes
Theory of planned behavour
Theory concerning how attitudes predict behaviour. It argues that several factors including subjective norms, attitudes towards the behaviour and percieved behavioural control, determine behavioural intentions concerning the behaviour, and in turn, intentions stronly determine whether the behaviour is performed
Theory of resoned action
Predecesor to the theory of planned behavour. It did not take percieved behavioural control into account as a predictor of intentions
Cognitive dissonance
An unpleasent psychological state that occurs when people notice that their attitudes and behaviours (or their attitudes) are inconsistent with each other
Self-affirmation
Restoring positive self-views when faced with cognitive dissonance
Hypocrisy
Publically supporting an attitude or behavour and yet behaving in a manner that is inconsistent with the attitude or behaviour
Embodiment (embodied social cognition)
An area of study where research shows broadly that bodily states influence attitudes, social perception and emotion
Proprioception
The perception of the body’s position and movement
Emotions
Brief, specific psychological and physical responses to an object or event
Feelings-as-information perspective
Theory proposing that people often rely ontheir feelings - often gut instincts - to guide important social judgements
