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Anatomy (gross) > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Calvaria(skull cap) form by?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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2
Q

Skull base bones are formed by?

A

Endochondral ossification

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3
Q

Identify the bones of the viscerocranium(Norma frontalis)

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Nasal bone
  3. Zygomatic
  4. Maxilla
  5. Mandible
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4
Q

Identity the bony landmarks of viscerocranium and comment where possible

A
  1. Frontal eminence- center of ossification
  2. Supercilliary arch- ridge above orbit
  3. Glabella- elevation between the 2 supercilliary arches
    4.Nasion- depression at the frontonasal suture
  4. Nasal septum and anterior nasal spine
  5. Middle and inferior nasal conchae
  6. Canine eminence- formed by root of canine tooth
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5
Q

Identify the foramina in viscerocranium and state their contents

A
  1. Supraorbital foramen- supraorbital nerve and vessels
  2. Infraorbital- infraorbital nerve and vessels
  3. Zygomaticofacial - zygomaticofacial nerve and vessels
  4. Mental foramen- mental nerve and vessels
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6
Q

Identify the bones of calvaria/skull cap/ Norma verticalis

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Occipital
  3. Parietal (paired)
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7
Q

Skull cap sutures

A
  1. Coronal- between frontal and parietal
  2. Sagittal- between the 2 parietal bones
  3. Lambdoid - between occipital and parietal bones
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8
Q

Identify the bony landmarks of skull cap

A
  1. Bregma- meeting of sagittal and coronal sutures
  2. Lambda- meeting of sagittal and lambdoid sutures
  3. Parietal foramen- emissary vein between superior sagittal sinus and the veins of the scalp
  4. Parietal eminence- center of ossification
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9
Q

Bony landmarks of internal skull cap

A
  1. Groove for superior sagittal sinus- in the middle
  2. Grooves for the middle meningeal vessels
  3. Granular foveolae- made by arachnoid granulations
  4. Bregma
  5. Lambda
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10
Q

Identify the bones of norma occipitalis

A
  1. Left and right parietal
  2. Squamous part of occipital
  3. Mastoid process
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11
Q

Bony landmarks of Norma occipitalis

A
  1. External occipital protuberance- inion is the prominent point
  2. External occipital crest
  3. Lambda
  4. Asterion- meeting of parietal,occipital and mastoid bones
  5. 3 nuchal lines- highest, superior, inferior
  6. Mastoid notch(digastric notch)
  7. Mastoid foramen- emissary vein and meningeal branch of occipital artery
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12
Q

Identify bones of norma lateralis

A
  1. Above- frontal, parietal and occipital
  2. Zygomatic bone & zygomatic arch
  3. Greater wing of sphenoid
  4. Squamous part of temporal bone
  5. Mastoid process and styloid process
  6. Bones of face- nasal and maxilla
  7. Infratemporal fossa and pterygomaxillary fissure- deep to the ramus of the mandible
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13
Q

Bony landmarks of Norma lateralis

A
  1. Pterion- made of frontal,parietal, temporal and greater wing of sphenoid ( overlies anterior branch of middle meningeal artery, fracture may injure the artery and cause extradural hemorrhage)
  2. Asterion- meeting of mastoid, parietal and occipital (lies opposite sigmoid sinus)
  3. Superior and inferior temporal lines- superior is continuation of supramastoid crest
  4. External auditory meatus
  5. Suprameatal Triangle- above external auditory meatus and below supramastoid crest( forms lateral wall of mastoid antrum)
  6. Articular tubercle and head of mandible
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14
Q

Structures attached to styloid process

A
  1. Stylohyoid muscle- facial nerve VII ( develops from second pharyngeal arch)
  2. Styloglossus muscle- hypoglossal nerve XII ( develops from occipital myotomes)
  3. Stylopharyngeus muscle- glossopharyngeal nerve IX ( from third pharyngeal arch)
  4. Stylohyoid ligament
  5. Stylomandibular ligament
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15
Q

Foramina of the skull and their contents( Norma basalis interna)

A
  1. Foramen cecum- emissary vein between nasal vein and superior sagittal sinus
  2. Cribriform plate- olfactory nerves
  3. Anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals- anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves and vessels
  4. Optic canal- optic nerve, opthalmic artery (and meningeal layers)
  5. Superior orbital fissure- lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, superior division of III nerve, nasocilliary nerve, inferior division of III nerve, Abducent nerve( live free to see no insult at All + OV)
  6. Foramen rotundum- maxillary nerve branch of trigeminal
  7. Foramen ovale- mandibular nerve, accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve and emissary vein of cavernous sinus ( MALE)
  8. Foramen spinosum- middle meningeal artery and nervus spinosus ( meningeal branch of mandibular n.)
  9. Lacerum- internal carotid artery ( after leaving carotid canal) and deep petrosal nerve ( formed by sympathetic plexus)
  10. Internal auditory meatus- facial nerve(VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) and labyrinthine artery
  11. Jugular foramen- 2V, 2A( meningeal arteries from ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries), 3N
    Anterior: inferior petrosal sinus
    Posterior: sigmoid sinus
    Middle- glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves
  12. Hypoglossal canal- hypoglossal nerve XII
  13. Magnum:
    3 nervous- medulla to become spinal cord, spinal accessory nerves, sympathetic fibers, meningeal branches of the upper three cervical nerves
    3 arteries- vertebral, anterior and posterior spinal arteries
    3 meninges - dura, arachnoid, pia
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16
Q

Foramina in normal basalis externa

A
  1. Incisive foramen(fossa)- nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery
  2. Greater palatine foramen- greater palatine nerve and vessels
  3. Lesser palatine foramen- lesser palatine nerve and vessels
  4. Ovale- mandibular n, accessory meningeal a, lesser petrosal n, emissary vein of cavernous sinus(MALE)
  5. Spinosum- middle meningeal artery and nervus spinosus
  6. Lacerum- internal carotid artery and sympathetic fibers( deep petrosal nerve)
  7. Carotid canal- internal carotid artery and sympathetic fibers
  8. Stylomastoid - facial nerve, stylomastoid artery
  9. Jugular foramen- 2V+3N+2A
    Anterior: inferior petrosal sinus
    Posterior: sigmoid sinus
    Middle: IX, X, XI nerves
  10. Mastoid - meningeal branch of occipital artery, emissary vein
  11. Foramen magnum- medulla oblongata to become spinal cord, sympathetic fibers, spinal accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries , 3 meninges
  12. Anterior condylar (hypoglossal canal)- hypoglossal nerve
  13. Posterior condylar canal- emissary vein between sigmoid sinus and sub occipital plexus of veins
17
Q

Parts of the hard palate

A
  1. Palatine process of maxilla- anterior 2/3
  2. Palatine bone- posterior 1/3
  3. Posterior nasal spine- in the middle of the free posterior border
18
Q

Foramina in hard palate( anterior part)

A
  1. Incisive foramen- transmits nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine vessels
  2. Greater palatine foramen- transmits greater palatine nerve and vessels
  3. Lesser palatine foramen - transmits lesser palatine nerve and vessels
19
Q

Bones and foramina of sphenoid and petrous temporal bone(middle part)

A

In the midline:
1. Vomer and body of sphenoid
2. Basilar part of occipital bone
3. Pharyngeal tubercle

On each side:
1. Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
a. Pterygoid fossa- between the two plates
b. Pterygoid hamulus and scaphoid fossa
2. Greater wing of sphenoid: contains
a. Foramen ovale- (MALE)
b. Foramen spinosum
3. Groove for auditory tube
4. petrous part of temporal bone:
a. Foramen lacerum
b. Carotid canal
c. Jugular foramen
d. styloid process
5. Articular tubercle & articular fossa

20
Q

Posterior part of normal basalis externa: occipital bone & mastoid process

A

Occipital bone
1. Hypoglossal canal
2. Posterior condylar canal

Mastoid process
1. Mastoid notch- on the medial side (digastric)
2. Stylomastoid foramen
3. Mastoid foramen
4. Groove for occipital artery

21
Q

Bones and foramina of anterior cranial fossa

A
  1. Frontal crest, foramen cecum, Crista galli
  2. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
  3. Orbital plate of frontal bone
  4. Lesser wing of sphenoid bone
  5. Anterior & posterior ethmoidal canals
22
Q

Bones and foramina of middle cranial fossa

A
  1. Sella turcica: hypophyseal fossa, tuberculum sellae & dorsum sellae
  2. Anterior & posterior clinoid processes
  3. Optic canal & sulcus chiasmaticus
  4. Greater wing of sphenoid: foramen rotundum, ovale & spinosum
  5. Superior orbital fissure
  6. Petrous temporal bone: trigeminal ganglion fossa, tegmen tympani, radiate eminence; foramen Lacerum,
23
Q

Identify parts of Posterior cranial fossa

A

Bones
1. Basilar part of occipital bone
2. Squamous part of occipital bone
3. Clivus: formed of sphenoid and basilar part of occipital bone
4. Internal occipital protuberance
5. Internal occipital crest

Foramina
1. Foramen magnum
2. Jugular foramen- between occipital & petrous TB
3. Hypoglossal canal (anterior condylar)
4. Internal auditory meatus
5. Mastoid foramen- in groove for sigmoid sinus

Grooves for Dural venous sinuses
1. Transverse sinus
2. Sigmoid sinus
3. Superior petrosal sinus

Anatomy (gross) (35 decks)

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