Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy (gross) > The pharynx > Flashcards

The pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

State the location, relations and extents of the pharynx

A

Length: 5 inches
Location: in front of upper 6 cervical vertebrae
Extent: from base of skull to C6( lower border of the cricoid cartilage to continue as the esophagus)

Relations
1. Anterior: nasal cavity, oral cavity and larynx.
2. Posterior: upper 6 cervical vertebrae
3. Sides:
a. Styloid process and structures attached to it; stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, stylohyoid muscles and stylomandibular and stylohyoid ligaments
b. Vessels: carotid arteries ( ECA, CCA & ICA) and internal jugular vein.
c. Nerves:- last 4 cranial nerves and sympathetic chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the parts of the pharynx.

A
  1. Nasopharynx- behind the nasal cavities
  2. Oropharynx - behind the oral cavity
  3. Laryngopharynx- behind the larynx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Discuss the boundaries and features of the nasopharynx

A

Boundaries:
1. Roof & posterior wall- adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)
2. Floor- soft palate
3. Anterior - posterior nasal orifice
4. Lateral wall: contains
- opening of auditory tube/ eustatian tube
- tubal elevation
- salpingopharyngeal fold- formed by salpingopharyngeal muscle
- pharyngeal recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the features of the oropharynx

A
  1. Palatine tonsil- in tonsillar fossa
  2. Anterior - palatoglossal arch
  3. Posterior - palatopharyngeal arch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Discuss the location and boundaries of the palatine tonsil.

A

Site: tonsillar fossa bounded by:
1. Anterior: palatoglossal arch
2. Posterior: palatopharyngeal arch
3. Floor: superior constrictor muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the blood supply of the palatine tonsils

A
  1. Facial artery: tonsillar branch- main supply
  2. Facial artery: ascending palatine branch
  3. Ascending pharyngeal: from ECA
  4. Lingual artery: through dorsal lingual artery
  5. Lesser palatine: from greater palatine artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the features of the laryngopharynx and their boundaries.

A
  1. Laryngeal inlet: bounded by
    • anterior: epiglottis
      _ posterior: arytenoid cartilage and interarytenoid fold.
    • sides: aryepiglottic fold
  2. Pyriform fossa: lateral to aryepiglottic fold.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the layers of the pharyngeal wall.

A
  1. Buccopharyngeal fascia - loose areolar sheath
  2. Muscle layer
  3. Pharyngobasilar fascia- pharyngeal aponeurosis
  4. Mucous membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the muscles of the pharynx

A

Constrictor
1. Superior constrictor
2. Middle constrictor
3. Inferior constrictor

Longitudinal
1. Stylopharyngeus
2. Palatopharyngeus
3. Salpingopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the origins, insertions and actions of the three constrictor muscles

A
  1. Superior constrictor
    • pterygoid hamulus
    • pterygomandibular ligament
    • mylohyoid line of mandible
  2. Middle constrictor:
    • stylohyoid ligament
    • hyoid bone
  3. Inferior constrictor:
    • thyroid cartilage
    • cricoid cartilage
    • arch over cricothyroid muscles

Insertion:
• all insert to median raphe extending from the pharyngeal tubercle to the cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

State the origins, insertion and action of the three longitudinal muscles.

A

Origins
3. Salpingopharyngeus- from the eustachian (auditory) tube
2. Palatopharyngeus - from the palatine aponeurosis
1. Stylopharyngeus - from the styloid process.

Insertion
Posterior border of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage.
** Action**
Elevation of pharynx and larynx during swallowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Discuss the gaps in the lateral wall and state their contents

A
    • Above the superior constrictor*
      • auditory tube: cartilaginous part
      • 2 muscles: tensor and levator palati.
      • 2 arteries: ascending palatine & pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery
    • Between Superior and middle constrictors*
      • glossopharyngeal nerve
      • stylohyoid muscles
      • stylohyoid ligament
    • Between the middle and inferior constrictors*
      -Thyroid membrane which is pierced by:
      • internal laryngeal nerve
      • superior laryngeal artery
  4. Below the inferior constrictor
    • recurrent laryngeal nerve
    • inferior laryngeal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

State the arterial supply of the pharynx

A

1. 2 pharyngeal arteries
• ascending pharyngeal artery- from ECA
• pharyngeal branch - from maxillary artery

2. 2 from facial artery:
• tonsillar artery
• ascending Palatine artery

3.2 Palatine arteries: from maxillary
• greater palatine
• lesser palatine

4.2 dorsal lingual arteries: from lingual artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the Venous drainage of the pharynx

A

• Largely drained into pharyngeal Venous plexus located on the posterolateral aspect of the pharynx over the middle constrictor.
• drains into IJV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

State the motor, sensory and sympathetic nerve supply of the pharynx.

A

motor
- all the muscles are supplied by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus( from the cranial root of accessory nerve) except the stylopharyngeus by the glossopharyngeal

Sensory:
1. Nasopharynx: maxillary
• pharyngeal branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion
2. Oropharynx: glossopharyngeal
• pharyngeal branch of IX nerve
3. Laryngopharynx: vagus
• internal laryngeal nerve of vagus

Sympathetic
Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion through pharyngeal plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Discuss the pharyngeal plexus stating the roots and distribution.

A
  1. Motor root(vagus)- to muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal)and muscles of the palate except tensor palati(mandibular)
  2. Sensory root(IX)- mucous membrane of the oropharynx
  3. Sympathetic root- blood vessels
17
Q

Discuss the lymph drainage of of the pharynx.

A
  1. Retropharyngeal lymph nodes
  2. Upper and lower deep cervical lymph nodes

Surrounded by ring of lymphoid tissues called waldeyer’s ring

18
Q

State the components of waldeyer’s ring

A
  1. Adenoid (pharyngeal) tonsil- in the roof of the nasopharynx.
  2. Tubal tonsil - around the opening of the auditory tube.
  3. Palatine tonsil- on each side of the oropharynx.
  4. Lingual tonsil- in posterior 1/3 of the tongue
19
Q

State the functions and clinical anatomy of waldeyer’s ring.

A
  1. Prevent invasion of microorganisms from air and food passages
  2. This helps in the defense mechanics of the respiratory and alimentary systems

Anatomy (gross) (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions