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HK 3502 > The Skull > Flashcards

The Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Which bones make up the neurocranium?

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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2
Q

Which bones make up the viscerocranium?

A 
Mandible
Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae
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3
Q

How many bones make up the neurocranium?

A

8

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4
Q

How many bones make up the viscerocranium?

A

14

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5
Q

Which bones of the neurocranium are single?

A

Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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6
Q

Which bones of the neurocranium are paired?

A

Parietal

Temporal

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7
Q

Which bone of the skull articulates with C1 vertebra for head movement?

A

Occipital

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8
Q

Which bones make up the cranial roof?

A

Frontal, 2 parietal, part of the occipital

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9
Q

What is the role of the nasal conchae?

A

Increases the surface area of the mucosa to warm/humidify inspired air

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10
Q

Which bony landmark articulates with C1 for head movement?

A

Occipital condyles

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11
Q

What are the 5 sutures of the skull?

A 
Coronal
Sagittal
Lambdoid
Squamous
Pterion
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12
Q

What are sutures?

A

Dense, fibrous joints

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13
Q

What bones are separated by the coronal suture?

A

Frontal and 2 parietal bones

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14
Q

Which bones are separated by the sagittal suture?

A

The 2 parietal bones

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15
Q

Which bones are connected by the lambdoid suture?

A

Parietal and occipital bones

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16
Q

Which bones are separated by the squamous suture?

A

The parietal bones and squamous portion of temporal bone

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17
Q

Which bones are separated by the pterion?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Sphenoid (greater wing)
Temporal (squamous portion)

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18
Q

What is the weakest point of the skull?

A

Pterion

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19
Q

What is present in neonatal skulls that is not in adult skulls?

A

Fontanelles, or soft spots

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20
Q

Where are the fontanelles?

A

Anterior fontanelle

Posterior fontanelle

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21
Q

What does a sunken anterior fontanelle indicate?

A

Dehydration

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22
Q

What does a bulging anterior fontanelle indicate?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

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23
Q

Which bone does the medulla oblongata/spinal cord travel through? What is the name of that opening?

A

Occipital bone

Opening is called foramen magnum

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24
Q

What are some functions of fontanelles?

A

Allow bones to overlap during childbirth

Allows brain growth without compression from the skull

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25
Q

What is the only free-moving bone of the skull?

A

Mandible

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26
Q

What does palatine make up?

A

Posterior 1/3 of hard palate, inferior floor of orbit

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27
Q

How big is the lacrimal bone?

A

Fingernail-sized

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28
Q

Which bone do all viscerocranium bones connect to (except mandible)?

A

Maxilla

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29
Q

What bone contains the supraorbital margin/notch/foramen?

A

Frontal bone

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30
Q

Which openings are found on the anterior aspect of the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure

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31
Q

Which bones contribute to the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Sphenoid

Zygomatic

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32
Q

Which bones make up the nasal septum?

A

Ethmoid

Vomer

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33
Q

Which bone contains the middle nasal conchae?

A

Ethmoid bone

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34
Q

Which bone contains the infraorbital margin and foramen?

A

Maxillary bones

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35
Q

What are the alveolar processes?

A

Sockets for teeth in the maxillary and mandibular bones

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36
Q

Which bones make up the infraorbital margin?

A

Maxillary bones

Zygomatic bones

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37
Q

Which bone contains the mental foramen?

A

Mandible

38
Q

What is the angle of the mandible?

A

Sharp turn of mandible on lateral and posterior aspects

39
Q

What is the role of the lacrimal bones?

A

Opening for excess tears to empty into nasal cavity

40
Q

Which bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lacrimal

Ethmoid

41
Q

Which bones make up the zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic

Temporal

42
Q

Which bone contains the mastoid process?

A

Temporal

43
Q

Which bone contains the styloid process?

A

Temporal

44
Q

Which bone contains the external acoustic meatus?

A

Temporal

45
Q

Where is the head of the mandible?

A

Posterior aspect of mandible; articulates with the mandibular fossa of temporal bone

46
Q

What part of the mandible is the ramus?

A

Vertical aspect

47
Q

What part of the mandible is the body?

A

Horizontal aspect

48
Q

Which nuchal line extends from the occipital protuberance?

A

Superior nuchal line

49
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Mucosal-lined air cavities within bones

50
Q

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

A

Frontal sinuses
Ethmoid cells
Sphenoid sinuses
Maxillary sinuses

51
Q

What are some functions of paranasal sinuses?

A 
Lighten the head
Warm inspired air
Increase resonance of voices
Buffer in facial trauma
Immune defence wtihin nasal cavity
52
Q

Which bones contribute to the orbit of the skull?

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Palatine
53
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa

54
Q

Which bones of the cranial base are seen on the inferior surface of the skull?

A

Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital

55
Q

Which brain region is contained in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal lobes

56
Q

What is another name for the cranial roof?

A

Calvaria

57
Q

Which brain region is contained in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Temporal lobes

58
Q

Which brain regions are contained in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

59
Q

Which cranial fossa is deepest?

A

Posterior cranial fossa

60
Q

Which bones are seen on the internal surface of the cranial base?

A 
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
61
Q

Which bones contribute to the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal (orbital plates)
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

62
Q

Which bones contribute to the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid (greater wings)

Temporal (squamous and petrous portions)

63
Q

Which bones contribute to the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Temporal
Occipital
Small contributions from parietal and sphenoid

64
Q

Which bone can you identify on the internal surface of the cranial base, but not the exterior surface of the cranial base?

A

Ethmoid

65
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the ethmoid bone as seen from a superior view of the cranial base?

A 
Crista galli (protrusion in middle)
Cribiform plate (lateral to crista galli)
Olfactory foramina (holes in cribiform plate)
66
Q

What role does the crista galli play?

A

Attachment for dura mater

67
Q

What lies in the sella turcica?

A

Pituitary gland

68
Q

Which landmark lies anterior to sella turcica?

A

Tuberculum sellae

69
Q

Which landmark lies posterior to sella turcica?

A

Dorsum sellae

70
Q

Where is the superior orbital fissure found?

A

Inferior to lesser wings of sphenoid

Posterior wall of orbit

71
Q

Which direction do structures passing through foramen rotundum go?

A

Structures head anterior

72
Q

Which direction do neurovascular structures passing through foramen ovale go?

A

Inferior

73
Q

Which direction do structures passing through foramen spinosum go?

A

Inferior

74
Q

What is unique about foramen lacerum?

A

Covered with cartilege

75
Q

Where is the internal acoustic meatus found?

A

Temporal bone, petrous portion, on superior aspect of cranial base

76
Q

Which bones contribute to foramen lacerum?

A

Temporal
Sphenoid
Occipital

77
Q

Where is the hypoglossal canal found?

A

In the occipital bone, on medial aspect of foramen magnum

78
Q

Which bones contribute to the jugular foramen?

A

Occipital and temporal bones

79
Q

Which region do the palatine processes of the maxillar bone contribute to?

A

Anterior 2/3 of hard palate

80
Q

Which bones contribute to the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxilla
Palatine
Sphenoid
Zygomatic

81
Q

What is the role of the medial and lateral pterygoid plates?

A

Extend inferiorly for muscle of mastication attachment

82
Q

What opening in the sphenoid bone is smallest?

A

Foramen spinosum

83
Q

Where is the stylomastoid foramen found?

A

On inferior aspect of skull in temporal bone, between mastoid and styloid processes

84
Q

Where is the carotid canal found?

A

On medial, inferior aspect of temporal bone, medial to styloid process

85
Q

What passes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery

86
Q

Which bones contribute to the jugular foramen?

A

Temporal

Occipital

87
Q

Which bony landmarks on the occipital bone are muscle attachment sites?

A

External occipital protuberance
Superior nuchal line
Inferior nuchal line

88
Q

Which openings can you identify on the external surface of the cranial base but not the internal surface?

A

Inferior occipital fissure
External acoustic meatus
Stylomastoid foramen

89
Q

Which openings can you identify on the internal surface of the cranial base but not the external surface?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

Superior orbital fissure

90
Q

The mandible articulates with which bone? What is the name of this joint?

A

Temporal bone

Temporomandibular joint

91
Q

Which bony landmark of the sphenoid bone contributes to the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Lesser wings

92
Q

Which bony landmark of the sphenoid bone contributes to the middle cranial fossa?

A

Greater wings

HK 3502 (17 decks)

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