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HK 3502 > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What actions are the posterior compartment of the leg responsible for?

A

Flexion of knee, digits, and plantarflexion

Inversion

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2
Q

What actions are the anterior compartment of the leg responsible for?

A

Extension
Dorsiflexion
Inversion

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3
Q

What actions are the lateral compartment of the leg responsible for?

A

Eversion

Plantarflexion (weak)

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4
Q

Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion?

A

Those anterior to malleolus

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5
Q

Which muscles are responsible for plantarflexion?

A

Those posterior to malleolus

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6
Q

What runs between the fibula and tibia?

A

Interosseous membrane

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7
Q

Where is the sciatic nerve found in the leg?

A

Deep to the long head of biceps femoris

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8
Q

What does the sciatic nerve divide into?

A

Common fibular nerve

Tibial nerve

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9
Q

What does the common fibular nerve divide into?

A

Superficial branch and deep branch

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10
Q

What compartment(s) of the leg does the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Anterior and lateral compartments of leg

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11
Q

What compartment(s) of the leg does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior compartment of leg

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12
Q

What component of the leg does the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Lateral compartment of the leg

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13
Q

What component of the leg does the deep branch of the common fibular nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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14
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve travel?

A

Toward the proximal aspect of the head of the fibula

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15
Q

What does the popliteal artery divide into ?

A

Anterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Posterior tibial artery

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16
Q

What does the fibular artery branch from?

A

The posterior tibial artery

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17
Q

Which artery travels with the tibial nerve?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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18
Q

Which artery travels with the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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19
Q

Where does the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg come from?

A

Perforating branches of the fibular artery and anterior tibial artery

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20
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

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21
Q

Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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22
Q

Which muscles make up the posterior component of the leg?

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Popliteus
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23
Q

What are the 3 bone groups in the foot?

A

Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals

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24
Q

What are the tarsal bones called?

A 
Calcaneus
Talus
Cuboid
Navicular
Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
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25
Q

Which tarsal bones are in the proximal row?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

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26
Q

Which tarsal bones are in the intermediate row?

A

Navicular

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27
Q

Which tarsal bones are in the distal row?

A

Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform

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28
Q

Where does the talus bone sit in relation to calcaneus?

A

Talus is superior to calcaneus

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29
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali?

A

Bony ridge associated with the medial aspect of calcaneus for talus

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30
Q

Which bones does calcaneus articulate with?

A

Talus and cuboid

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31
Q

Which bones does talus articulate with?

A

Calcaneus and navicular bone

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32
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

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33
Q

Which muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Popliteus

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34
Q

Where does the lateral head of gastrocnemius originate?

A

Lateral condyle of femur

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35
Q

Where does the medial head of gastrocnemius originate?

A

Superior to medial condyle of femur (popliteal surface)

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36
Q

Where does plantaris originate?

A

Lateral condyle of femur

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37
Q

Where does soleus originate?

A

Posterior fibula - Superior 1/4

Posterior tibia - Soleal line

38
Q

Which muscles insert at the posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

39
Q

Which actions do gastrocnemius contribute to?

A

Flexion at knee
Plantar flexion at ankle
Raises heel when walking

40
Q

Which action does plantaris do?

A

Plantar flexion at ankle (weak)

41
Q

Which action does soleus do?

A

Plantar flexion at ankle

42
Q

Which muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Popliteus

43
Q

Where does popliteus originate?

A

Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

44
Q

Where does popliteus insert?

A

Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line

45
Q

Which actions does popliteus contribute to?

A 
Flexion at knee (weak)
Unlocks knee (Rotate femur on fixed tibia, rotate tibia of unplanted limb)
46
Q

Where does tibialis posterior originate?

A

Posterior tibia
Posterior fibula
Interosseous membrane

47
Q

Where does tibialis posterior insert?

A

Navicular
Cuneiforms (MIL)
Cuboid
Bases of metatarsals 2-4

48
Q

Where does flexor digitorum longus originate?

A

Posterior tibia

49
Q

Where does flexor digitorum longus insert?

A

Base of distal phalanges 2-5

50
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus originate?

A

Posterior fibula

Interosseous membrane

51
Q

Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?

A

Base of distal phalanx 1

52
Q

What actions does tibialis posterior contribute to?

A

Plantarflexion at ankle

Inversion of foot (medial aspect lifts up)

53
Q

What actions does flexor hallucis longus contribute to?

A

Plantarflexion at ankle

Flexion at joints proximal to insertion

54
Q

What actions does flexor digitorum longus contribute to?

A

Plantarflexion at ankle

Flexion at joints proximal to insertion

55
Q

What order do the deep posterior muscles of the leg wrap around the medial malleolus, from anterior to posterior?

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

56
Q

Where does tibialis anterior originate?

A

Tibia - lateral surface

57
Q

Where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

1st Metatarsal

Medial cuneiform

58
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus originate?

A

Fibula - anterior surface

59
Q

Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits

60
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus originate?

A

Fibula - anterior surface

61
Q

Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

62
Q

What actions does tibialis anterior contribute to?

A

Dorsiflexion at ankle

Inversion of foot

63
Q

What actions does extensor hallucis longus contribute to?

A

Dorsiflexion at ankle

Extension at joints proximal to insertion

64
Q

What actions does extensor digitorum longus contribute to?

A

Dorsiflexion at ankle

Extension at joints proximal to insertion

65
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus

66
Q

Which muscles contribute to inversion of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior

Tibialis posterior

67
Q

Where do fibularis longus and brevis originate?

A

Lateral aspect of fibula

68
Q

Where does fibularis longus insert?

A

Medial cuneiform

Base of 1st metatarsal (along inferior aspect of foot)

69
Q

Where does fibularis brevis insert?

A

Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

70
Q

Where is fibularis longus in relation to fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial

71
Q

Which muscles are innervated by the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

72
Q

Which actions do fibularis longus and fibularis brevis contribute to?

A

Eversion of foot

Plantar flexion at ankle (weak)

73
Q

How does the anterior tibial artery gain access to the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Passes through the interosseous membrane

74
Q

Where does the fibular artery branch from?

A

Posterior tibial artery

75
Q

How does popliteus lie in relation to soleus?

A

Superiorly. The inferior border of poplities is at the same location as the superior border of soleus

76
Q

Where does the popliteal artery divide?

A

At the line where popliteus and soleus meet

77
Q

What neurovascular structures pass between the tibial and fibular proximal attachments of soleus?

A

Posterior tibial artery

Tibial nerve

78
Q

What makes up the medial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

79
Q

What makes up the lateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

2 heads of biceps femoris

80
Q

What makes up the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

2 heads of gastrocnemius

81
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal artery, from superficial to deep?

A

Nerve
Vein
Artery

82
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve divide?

A

In the popliteal fossa

83
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve travel?

A

Superficial on the lateral head of gastrocnemius, toward the head of the fibula

84
Q

Where does the common fibular nerve branch?

A

At the proximal aspect of fibularis longus

85
Q

What muscle tendon of insertion does the common fibular branch follow?

A

Biceps femoris

86
Q

Where does the deep branch of the common fibular nerve lie in relation to the anterior tibial artery?

A

Deep branch of the common fibular nerve is lateral to the anterior tibial artery

87
Q

Where do soleus and plantaris lie in relation to gastrocnemius?

A

Deep to gastrocnemius

88
Q

Where does popliteal artery divide to anterior and posterior tibial arteries?

A

At inferior border of popliteus

89
Q

Where do the arteries gain access to the posterior leg?

A

At arch of insertion of soleus

90
Q

Where do the arteries travel in the posterior leg?

A

Deep to gastrocnemius and soleus

HK 3502 (17 decks)

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