Leg Flashcards
What actions are the posterior compartment of the leg responsible for?
Flexion of knee, digits, and plantarflexion
Inversion
What actions are the anterior compartment of the leg responsible for?
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Inversion
What actions are the lateral compartment of the leg responsible for?
Eversion
Plantarflexion (weak)
Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflexion?
Those anterior to malleolus
Which muscles are responsible for plantarflexion?
Those posterior to malleolus
What runs between the fibula and tibia?
Interosseous membrane
Where is the sciatic nerve found in the leg?
Deep to the long head of biceps femoris
What does the sciatic nerve divide into?
Common fibular nerve
Tibial nerve
What does the common fibular nerve divide into?
Superficial branch and deep branch
What compartment(s) of the leg does the common fibular nerve innervate?
Anterior and lateral compartments of leg
What compartment(s) of the leg does the tibial nerve innervate?
Posterior compartment of leg
What component of the leg does the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve innervate?
Lateral compartment of the leg
What component of the leg does the deep branch of the common fibular nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment of leg
Where does the common fibular nerve travel?
Toward the proximal aspect of the head of the fibula
What does the popliteal artery divide into ?
Anterior tibial artery
Fibular artery
Posterior tibial artery
What does the fibular artery branch from?
The posterior tibial artery
Which artery travels with the tibial nerve?
Posterior tibial artery
Which artery travels with the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
Anterior tibial artery
Where does the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg come from?
Perforating branches of the fibular artery and anterior tibial artery
Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Which muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Which muscles make up the posterior component of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Popliteus
What are the 3 bone groups in the foot?
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
What are the tarsal bones called?
Calcaneus Talus Cuboid Navicular Cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, lateral)
Which tarsal bones are in the proximal row?
Calcaneus
Talus
Which tarsal bones are in the intermediate row?
Navicular
Which tarsal bones are in the distal row?
Cuboid
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Where does the talus bone sit in relation to calcaneus?
Talus is superior to calcaneus
What is the sustentaculum tali?
Bony ridge associated with the medial aspect of calcaneus for talus
Which bones does calcaneus articulate with?
Talus and cuboid
Which bones does talus articulate with?
Calcaneus and navicular bone
Which muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Which muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Popliteus
Where does the lateral head of gastrocnemius originate?
Lateral condyle of femur
Where does the medial head of gastrocnemius originate?
Superior to medial condyle of femur (popliteal surface)
Where does plantaris originate?
Lateral condyle of femur
Where does soleus originate?
Posterior fibula - Superior 1/4
Posterior tibia - Soleal line
Which muscles insert at the posterior aspect of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon?
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Which actions do gastrocnemius contribute to?
Flexion at knee
Plantar flexion at ankle
Raises heel when walking
Which action does plantaris do?
Plantar flexion at ankle (weak)
Which action does soleus do?
Plantar flexion at ankle
Which muscles does the tibial nerve innervate?
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus
Popliteus
Where does popliteus originate?
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
Where does popliteus insert?
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
Which actions does popliteus contribute to?
Flexion at knee (weak) Unlocks knee (Rotate femur on fixed tibia, rotate tibia of unplanted limb)
Where does tibialis posterior originate?
Posterior tibia
Posterior fibula
Interosseous membrane
Where does tibialis posterior insert?
Navicular
Cuneiforms (MIL)
Cuboid
Bases of metatarsals 2-4
Where does flexor digitorum longus originate?
Posterior tibia
Where does flexor digitorum longus insert?
Base of distal phalanges 2-5
Where does flexor hallucis longus originate?
Posterior fibula
Interosseous membrane
Where does flexor hallucis longus insert?
Base of distal phalanx 1
What actions does tibialis posterior contribute to?
Plantarflexion at ankle
Inversion of foot (medial aspect lifts up)
What actions does flexor hallucis longus contribute to?
Plantarflexion at ankle
Flexion at joints proximal to insertion
What actions does flexor digitorum longus contribute to?
Plantarflexion at ankle
Flexion at joints proximal to insertion
What order do the deep posterior muscles of the leg wrap around the medial malleolus, from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Where does tibialis anterior originate?
Tibia - lateral surface
Where does tibialis anterior insert?
1st Metatarsal
Medial cuneiform
Where does extensor digitorum longus originate?
Fibula - anterior surface
Where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits
Where does extensor hallucis longus originate?
Fibula - anterior surface
Where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
Distal phalanx of great toe
What actions does tibialis anterior contribute to?
Dorsiflexion at ankle
Inversion of foot
What actions does extensor hallucis longus contribute to?
Dorsiflexion at ankle
Extension at joints proximal to insertion
What actions does extensor digitorum longus contribute to?
Dorsiflexion at ankle
Extension at joints proximal to insertion
Which muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the common fibular nerve?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Which muscles contribute to inversion of the foot?
Tibialis anterior
Tibialis posterior
Where do fibularis longus and brevis originate?
Lateral aspect of fibula
Where does fibularis longus insert?
Medial cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal (along inferior aspect of foot)
Where does fibularis brevis insert?
Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
Where is fibularis longus in relation to fibularis brevis?
Superficial
Which muscles are innervated by the superficial branch of the common fibular nerve?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Which actions do fibularis longus and fibularis brevis contribute to?
Eversion of foot
Plantar flexion at ankle (weak)
How does the anterior tibial artery gain access to the anterior compartment of the leg?
Passes through the interosseous membrane
Where does the fibular artery branch from?
Posterior tibial artery
How does popliteus lie in relation to soleus?
Superiorly. The inferior border of poplities is at the same location as the superior border of soleus
Where does the popliteal artery divide?
At the line where popliteus and soleus meet
What neurovascular structures pass between the tibial and fibular proximal attachments of soleus?
Posterior tibial artery
Tibial nerve
What makes up the medial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
What makes up the lateral border of the popliteal fossa?
2 heads of biceps femoris
What makes up the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
2 heads of gastrocnemius
What are the contents of the popliteal artery, from superficial to deep?
Nerve
Vein
Artery
Where does the sciatic nerve divide?
In the popliteal fossa
Where does the common fibular nerve travel?
Superficial on the lateral head of gastrocnemius, toward the head of the fibula
Where does the common fibular nerve branch?
At the proximal aspect of fibularis longus
What muscle tendon of insertion does the common fibular branch follow?
Biceps femoris
Where does the deep branch of the common fibular nerve lie in relation to the anterior tibial artery?
Deep branch of the common fibular nerve is lateral to the anterior tibial artery
Where do soleus and plantaris lie in relation to gastrocnemius?
Deep to gastrocnemius
Where does popliteal artery divide to anterior and posterior tibial arteries?
At inferior border of popliteus
Where do the arteries gain access to the posterior leg?
At arch of insertion of soleus
Where do the arteries travel in the posterior leg?
Deep to gastrocnemius and soleus
