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HK 3502 > Muscles of Mastication > Flashcards

Muscles of Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid

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2
Q

Which osteological regions are relevant for muscles of mastication?

A

Temporomandibular joint
Temporal fossa
Infratemporal fossa

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3
Q

What two bony landmarks articulate at the temporomandibular joint?

A

Mandibular fossa of temporal bone

Head of condyloid process of mandible

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4
Q

What movements are associated with the temporomandibular joint?

A 
Elevation (close mouth)
Depression (open mouth)
Protrusion (protrude chin)
Retrusion (retrude chin)
Lateral movements (grinding and chewing)
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5
Q

Describe the temporal fossa.

A

Depressed area on side of skull

Superior to infratemporal fossa

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6
Q

Which muscle occupies the temporal fossa?

A

Upper portion of temporalis muscle

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7
Q

Where is the infratemporal fossa located?

A

Medial/deep and inferior to zygomatic arch

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8
Q

Which osteological landmarks are relevant to the infratemporal fossa?

A

Ramus of mandible
Lateral pterygoid plate
Maxilla
Inferior surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Mastoid and styloid processes of temporal bone

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9
Q

What makes up the medial wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Lateral pterygoid plate

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10
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Maxilla

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11
Q

What makes up the roof of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Squamous part of temporal bone

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12
Q

What makes up the lateral wall of the infratemporal fossa?

A

Ramus of mandible

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13
Q

What is the significance of foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Root which nerve that innervates muscles of mastication passes through to the infratemporal fossa

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14
Q

Which nerve innervates muscles of mastication?

A

Trigeminal nerve - mandibular division (V3)

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15
Q

Where is the foramen ovale found in the infratemporal fossa?

A

Deep and posterior

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16
Q

Where is the tuberosity of the maxilla found?

A

Lateral to hard palate, posterior to alveolar processes

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17
Q

Where does masseter originate?

A

Zygomatic bone

Zygomatic arch

18
Q

Where does masseter insert?

A

Ramus of mandible: angle and lateral surface

19
Q

What are the two heads of masseter?

A

Deep and superficial heads

20
Q

How does the deep head of masseter run?

A

Vertically

21
Q

How does the superficial head of masseter run?

A

Oblique

22
Q

What functions does masseter perform?

A

Elevate and protrude mandible

23
Q

Which head of masseter elevates the mandible?

A

Deep head

24
Q

Which head of masseter protrudes the mandible?

A

Superficial head

25
Q

Where does temporalis originate?

A

Temporal fossa (superior temporal line)

26
Q

Where does temporalis insert?

A

Coronoid process of mandible (apex and medial surface)

27
Q

What functions does temporalis do?

A

Elevate and retract mandible

28
Q

What are the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

A

Superior and inferior heads

29
Q

What are the two heads of the medial pterygoid muscle?

A

Superficial and deep heads

30
Q

Where does the superior head of lateral pterygoid muscle originate?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

31
Q

Where does the inferior head of lateral pterygoid muscle originate?

A

Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

32
Q

Where do the 2 heads of lateral pterygoid muscle insert?

A

Region of temporomandibular joint

Neck of condyloid process of mandible

33
Q

Together, what do the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle do?

A

Protrude mandible

34
Q

Acting alone and alternatively, what do the two heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle do?

A

Produce side to side movement

35
Q

Where does the deep head of the medial pterygoid muscle originate?

A

Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

36
Q

Where does the superficial head of the medial pterygoid muscle originate?

A

Tuberosity of maxilla

37
Q

Where do the two heads of the medial pterygoid muscle insert?

A

Medial surface of mandible

38
Q

Acting together, what do the two heads of the medial pterygoid muscle do?

A

Elevate and protrude mandible

39
Q

Acting alone and alternatively, what do the two heads of the medial pterygoid muscle do?

A

Produce a grinding motion (side to side)

40
Q

Which two muscles form a muscular sling around the mandible?

A

Medial pterygoid muscle

Masseter

HK 3502 (17 decks)

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