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HK 3502 > Gross Anatomy of Brain/Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy of Brain/Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brainstem

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2
Q

What lobes contribute to the cerebrum?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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3
Q

What are 3 regions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

What does the central sulcus separate?

A

Frontal lobes and parietal lobes

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5
Q

Where is the lateral sulcus?

A

Inferior to frontal and parietal lobes

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6
Q

Which region is continuous with the spinal cord?

A

Medulla Oblongata

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7
Q

What does the longitudinal cerebral fissure separate?

A

The 2 cerebral hemispheres

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8
Q

What is the clivus?

A

Bony landmark anterior to foramen magnum

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9
Q

Where does the midbrain lie?

A

Junction of middle and posterior cranial fossae

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10
Q

Where does the pons lie?

A

Anterior aspect of posterior cranial fossa

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11
Q

Where does the medulla oblongata lie?

A

Posterior cranial fossa; continuous with spinal cord

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12
Q

What is CN I called, and what is its role?

A

Olfactory Nerve

Sensory - Smell

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13
Q

What is CN II called, and what is its role?

A

Optic nerve

Sensory - Vision

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14
Q

What is CN III called, and what is its role?

A

Oculomotor nerve
Motor - Extrinsic muscles of eye (SR, IR, MR, IO, LP)
Motor - Ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae

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15
Q

What is CN IV called, and what is its role?

A

Trochlear nerve

Motor - Extrinsic muscle of eye (SO)

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16
Q

What is CN V called, and what is its role?

A

Trigeminal nerve
Sensory - face; oral, nasal and sinus mucosa; teeth; anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor - muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoid muscles, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani)

17
Q

What is CN VI called, and what is its role?

A

Abducent nerve

Motor - Extrinsic muscle of eye (LR)

18
Q

Where are the olfactory bulb/tract located?

A

In contact with inferior/orbital surface of frontal lobe of cerebrum

19
Q

How is the nasal cavity divided?

A

Superior 1/3 = olfactory area

Inferior 2/3 = respiratory area

20
Q

Where do olfactory nerves travel?

A

Pass through tiny foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

21
Q

Where does CN II exit the orbit?

A

Via optic canal (sphenoid in lesser wing and body) to enter middle cranial fossa

22
Q

How does CN II travel?

A

2 optic nerves join forming the optic chiasm before dividing into two optic tracts

23
Q

Where does CN III emerge?

A

Midbrain

24
Q

Where does the CN III travel?

A

Through cavernous sinus, and exits cranial cavity via superior orbital fissure

25
Q

Which muscles regulate pupil size? What systems are they innervated by?

A 
Pupillary sphincter (parasympathetic)
Pupillary dilator (sympathetic)
26
Q

What type of information does the oculomotor nerve carry?

A

Parasympathetic information

27
Q

How does the oculomotor nerve contribute to intra-ocular muscles?

A 
Sphincter pupillae (constriction of pupil)
Ciliary muscle (accomodation, or rounded lens, for near vision)
28
Q

Where does the CN IV emerge from the brain?

A

Posterior surface of midbrain

29
Q

How does CN IV travel?

A

Passes anteriorly around brainstem (specifically, pons), through cavernous sinus, exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

30
Q

Where does CN VI emerge from the brain?

A

From brainstem between pons and medulla

31
Q

Where does CN VI travel?

A

Through cavernous sinus, exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

32
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge from the brain?

A

Lateral aspect of pons - large sensory root; small motor root

33
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A 
Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
34
Q

Where does the ophthalmic nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Superior orbital fissure

35
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen rotundum

36
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen ovale

37
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic branch)
Abducent nerve

HK 3502 (17 decks)

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