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Anatomy and Physiology > The Skeleton (Chapter 7) > Flashcards

The Skeleton (Chapter 7) Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Pectoral and pelvic girdles, lower and upper limbs

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3
Q

Skull

A

Cranium, Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid Bones

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4
Q

Cranium

A

Protects brain, composed of 8 bones, joined via sutures, contains fontanels

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5
Q

Frontal Bone

A

Forehead and portion of nose and superior orbits

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6
Q

Parietal Bone

A

Dorsal to frontal bone and forms roof of cranium

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7
Q

Occipital Bone

A

Base of cranium, foramen magnum is the opening for spinal cord, occipital condyles articulate with atlas (C1)

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8
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Inferior to parietal bones forms side of cranium, external auditory meatus leads to middle ear, mandibular fossa articulates with mandible, mastoid process is site for neck muscle attachments, styloid process is site of tongue and larynx muscle attachment, zygomatic process forms cheekbone

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9
Q

Sphenoid Bone

A

Forms side and base of cranium and floors and sides or orbits, sella turcica is a depression for the pituitary gland

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10
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Roof of nasal cavity, crista galli is site for membrane attachments, cribriform plate is passageway for olfactory receptors, perpendicular plate forms nasal septum, superior and middle nasal conchae

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11
Q

Facial Bones

A

Maxillae, Palatine, Zygomatic, Lacrimal, Nasal, Vomer, Inferior Nasal Conchae, Mandible

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12
Q

Maxilla

A

Upper Jaw, palatine processes forms anterior portion of hard palate

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13
Q

Palatine Bones

A

Posterior portion of hard palate, cleft palate (bones do not fuse)

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14
Q

Zygomatic Bones

A

Sides of orbits and cheek bones, process joins zygomatic process

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15
Q

Lacrimal Bones

A

Medial walls of orbits, small groove allows passage of lacrimal sac

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16
Q

Nasal Bones

A

Bridge of nose, ventral portion of nose is cartilage

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17
Q

Vomer Bone

A

Joins perpendicular plate to form nasal septum

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18
Q

Inferior Nasal Conchae

A

Project into nasal cavities

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19
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw, ramus is upright projection articulating with mandibular condyle

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20
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal: parietal and frontal, Sagittal: right and left parietal, Lambdoid: parietal and occipital, Squamous: parietal and temporal

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21
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

U-shaped and superior to larynx, acts as anchor for tongue and site of attachment for swallowing muscles, does not articulate with other bones

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22
Q

Vertebral Column

A

C1-7, T1-12, L1-5, S1-5, Coccyx 3-5

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23
Q

Structure of Vertebrae

A

Body: increases in size towards base of column, Vertebral Foramen: passageway for spinal cord, Spinous Process: cervical - short and bifid, thoracic - long/slender and dips down, lumbar - massive and project posteriorly, Superior and Inferior Articulating Processes - joins vertebrae

24
Q

Atlas and Axis

A

Atlas: supports and balances head, allows forward and backward movement of head; Axis: odontoid process, allows side to side pivoting of head

25
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Fibrocartilage cushions vertebrae, prevents grinding and absorbs shock caused by normal movements, allows bending of vertebrae in more than one direction

26
Q

Thoracic Cage

A

Protects heart and lungs, plays role in breathing, supports shoulder bones

27
Q

Ribs

A

1-7 “true ribs,” 8-12 “false ribs,” 11/12 “floating ribs”

28
Q

Sternum

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process

29
Q

Pectoral Girdle

A

Supports arms, site of arm muscle attachment, weakly attached via ligaments and muscles and is easily dislocated

30
Q

Clavicles

A

S-Shaped and articulate with manubrium and scapula, stabilizes shoulder and is easily fractured

31
Q

Scapula

A

Acromion process which articulates with clavicle, glenoid cavity articulates with head of humerus

32
Q

Upper Limb (Arm)

A

Humerus, Radius and Ulna, Hand

33
Q

Humerus

A

Head and various processes for muscle attachments, capitulum articulates with radius, trochlea articulates with ulna

34
Q

Radius

A

Head articulates with humerus

35
Q

Ulna

A

Trochlear notch articulates with humerus, head articulates with carpals

36
Q

Hand

A

Carpal Bones (8): wrist, metacarpal bones (5): palm, Phalanges: 2/thumb, 3/fingers

37
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

Bears weight of body, attachment for legs, protects pelvic organs

38
Q

Coxal Bones

A

Ilium: flares out and hip prominence, Ischium: inferior part, Pubis: anterior portion, pubic symphysis: joining of pubic bones, obterator foramen: large opening for blood vessels and nerves to leg, acetabulum: depression articulating with femur

39
Q

Lower Limb

A

Femur, Tibia and Fibula, Foot

40
Q

Femur

A

Head: lateral/medial condyles articulate with tibia, patellar surface articulates with patella

41
Q

Tibia

A

Shin bone: medial/lateral condyles articulate with femur, medial malleolus is bulge of inner ankle

42
Q

Fibula

A

Head articulates with tibia, lateral malleolus is bulge of outer ankle

43
Q

Foot

A

Tarsal bones (7): form ankle, Metatarsal bones (5): sole of foot, Phalanges: 2/big toe. 3/little toes

44
Q

Hip Fractures

A

Causes: femur fractures between head and shaft; Symptoms: pain, inability/trouble bearing body weight, trouble moving

45
Q

Clubfoot

A

Causes: structural and postural; Symptoms: present at birth and associated with irregularities in foot and ankle structure

46
Q

Knock-Knee

A

Causes: develop of leg growth over time; Symptoms: lower appendages turning inward around knee

47
Q

Bowleg

A

Causes: abnormal bone development or during birth; Symptoms: exaggerated bend in legs outward

48
Q

Bunion

A

Causes: big toe is angled toward second toe; Symptoms: pain and difficulty walking

49
Q

Scoliosis

A

Causes: sideways curvature of spine; Symptoms: uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade appearing more pointed, uneven waist

50
Q

Lordosis

A

Causes: lumbar spine has excessive inward curvature; Symptoms: often no symptoms

51
Q

Kyphosis

A

Causes: “hunchback” or forward rounding of upper spine; Symptoms: little to no symptoms

52
Q

Herniated or Slipped Disc

A

Causes: Injury to spine, disc slips or ruptures, presses against spinal cord and causes pain; Symptoms: pain, numbness, and weakness in legs and buttocks

53
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Causes: passageway on palmar side of wrist that connects forearm to palm; Symptoms: burning, tingling, or itching numbness in palm and fingers, decreased grip strength

54
Q

Cleft Palate

A

Causes: characterized by a split in upper lip and roof of mouth; Symptoms: split in lips

55
Q

Spina Bifida

A

Causes: birth defect where neural tubes never develop; Symptoms: differs in severity

Anatomy and Physiology (29 decks)

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