Chemistry of A&P (Chapter 2)

Question 1

Atoms

Answer 1

Smallest unit of a chemical element that retains all the chemical characteristics of that element

Question 2

Structure of Atoms

Answer 2

Composed of protons: positive charge, neutrons: no electrical charge, electrons: negative charge

Question 3

Electron Shells in Bohr Model

Answer 3

Shell 1: 2 electrons, shell 2: 8 electrons, shell 3: 18

Question 4

Atomic Number

Answer 4

Number of protons in nucleus; written as subscript to left of atomic symbol

Question 5

Atomic Mass Number

Answer 5

Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus; total mass of atom; written as superscript to left of atomic symbol

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

Structural variations of same chemical element; atoms contain same number of protons but differ in neutrons

Question 7

Radioactive Isotopes

Answer 7

Unstable isotopes which decay to a more stable form; as isotope decays the subatomic particles are given off and release energy in the form of radiation

Question 8

Molecules

Answer 8

When atoms chemically combine with other atoms; molecules form when atoms share or steal electrons from another atom

Question 9

Chemically Inert Elements

Answer 9

Helium and Neon

Question 10

Chemically Reactive Elements

Answer 10

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Sodium

Question 11

Ionic Bonds

Answer 11

Atoms gain or lose electrons; results in atom becoming (+) and other (-)

Question 12

Covalent Bonds

Answer 12

Atoms share electrons; polar covalent: electrons not shared equally; non-polar covalent: electrons shared equally

Question 13

Hydrogen Bonds

Answer 13

Created by attractive force between an electropositive hydrogen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule; intramolecular bonds hold molecules in large 3D shape

Question 14

Characteristics of water

Answer 14

High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning