Chemistry of A&P (Chapter 2) Flashcards
Atoms
Smallest unit of a chemical element that retains all the chemical characteristics of that element
Structure of Atoms
Composed of protons: positive charge, neutrons: no electrical charge, electrons: negative charge
Electron Shells in Bohr Model
Shell 1: 2 electrons, shell 2: 8 electrons, shell 3: 18
Atomic Number
Number of protons in nucleus; written as subscript to left of atomic symbol
Atomic Mass Number
Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus; total mass of atom; written as superscript to left of atomic symbol
Isotopes
Structural variations of same chemical element; atoms contain same number of protons but differ in neutrons
Radioactive Isotopes
Unstable isotopes which decay to a more stable form; as isotope decays the subatomic particles are given off and release energy in the form of radiation
Molecules
When atoms chemically combine with other atoms; molecules form when atoms share or steal electrons from another atom
Chemically Inert Elements
Helium and Neon
Chemically Reactive Elements
Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Sodium
Ionic Bonds
Atoms gain or lose electrons; results in atom becoming (+) and other (-)
Covalent Bonds
Atoms share electrons; polar covalent: electrons not shared equally; non-polar covalent: electrons shared equally
Hydrogen Bonds
Created by attractive force between an electropositive hydrogen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule; intramolecular bonds hold molecules in large 3D shape
Characteristics of water
High heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, polar solvent properties, reactivity, cushioning
Salts
Ionic compounds that dissociate into separate ions when in water; separate into cations (positively charged molecules) and anions (negatively charged molecules); all ions are called electrolytes
