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A-level History > The sixties - section 2 - 1964 - 1970 > Flashcards

The sixties - section 2 - 1964 - 1970 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the appeal of Harold Wilson to voters?

A
  • promised Britain would catch up with the white-heat of technological change
  • political tactician
  • great moderniser
  • down to earth
  • relaxed political style
  • classless
  • performer on tv
  • more in touch with cultural and social changes
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2
Q

What were the alternative reasons to Harold Wilson for labour’s victory?

A
  • weariness of conservative government
  • scandals
  • unemployment reached 800,000 in 1963
  • EEC application rejection
  • Labour presented as modern
  • Satire
  • Focused on white-heat of technology
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3
Q

What were the key issues during labours time in power?

A

Industrial relations
Support for abandoning In Place of Strife
Support for In Place of Strife

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4
Q

Why were industrial relations a problem?

A
  • seamen striked because worked too many hours
  • caused no imports/exports
  • rising prices for food
  • crippled economy
  • Britain became blockaded
  • nearly 100% work force strike
  • nothing moved from ports
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5
Q

Why was the support for abandoning In Place of Strife an issue?

A
  • shows control
  • stop disruption
  • generous and likeable
  • could be controversial
  • political suicide
  • reunite the party
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6
Q

Why was the support for In Place of Strife an issue?

A
  • humiliating if gave in
  • face-saving
  • weaken power of trade unions
  • deal with wild-cat strikes
  • strengthen control
  • supported by voters
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7
Q

What was labour’s economic policies?

A
  • trapped in cycle of stop-go and wanted to break out
  • inherited deficit of £800,000,000
  • had two options - devaluation and deflation
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8
Q

Define Liberal

A

A political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy and free enterprise

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9
Q

Who was Roy Jenkins?

A

Labour home secretary in Harold Wilson’s government from December 1965

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10
Q

What were Roy Jenkins social aims?

A
  • lesser state intervention
  • more liberalising rules
  • encourage the arts
  • improve living conditions
  • make society happy and tolerant
  • create more drive
  • make towns and countrysides prettier
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11
Q

Define free votes

A

individual MPs can vote according to their own conscience rather than following an official party line

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12
Q

Define private members bills

A

proposed legislation from backbencher MPs

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13
Q

Why were private member bills successful in the sixties?

A

Roy jenkins was sympathetic

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14
Q

How did the end of capital punishment come about?

A

Ruth Ellis was murdered for being an unfaithful lover in 1955
In 1957 the number of offences with the death penalty was reduced and in 1965 free votes took it to trial which caused it to be permanently abolished in 1969

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15
Q

How did the divorce reform come about?

A

Until the 1960s, law demanded evidence that one party has committed adultery.
In 1969, it was passed as outdated and couples could divorce if it was a mutual agreement and had lived apart for 2 years or on partner agreed and had lived apart for 5 years.

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16
Q

How did the legislation of abortion come about?

A

It was illegal until 1967 and had to find a private clinic causing women to die.
The campaign started in 1945 and the thalidomide disaster (morning sickness pills) helped to changed the public’s mind.
Termination of a pregnancy was allowed within the first 28 weeks of pregnancy with 2 consenting doctors.

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17
Q

How did the legislation of homosexual relations come about?

A

Men could be imprisoned for 2 years for engaging in homosexual activities.
Leo Abse brought up the cause, causing the 1967 sexual offences act to decriminalise gay sex when both partners were consenting over 21s and it was taking place in private.

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18
Q

How did the education reforms come about?

A

The different types of secondary schools from the tripartite system created social divisions.
A circular 10/65 was issued requesting change to comprehensive schools for extra funding

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19
Q

How did the end of capital punishment change society?

A

Brought in majority verdicts for English juries rather than demanding uniamity.

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20
Q

How did the divorce reform change society?

A

Created no fault divorce which increased the number of divorces and female independence

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21
Q

How did the legislation of abortion change society?

A

Created hopes for a more effective contraception and more talk around safe sex. The amount of abortions increased from 4 to 17.6 abortions per 100 births

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22
Q

How did the homosexual relations act 1967 change society?

A

Stopped people living double lives

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23
Q

How did the education reforms change society?

A

Created a grammar school education for all

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24
Q

How didn’t the end of capital punishment change society?

A

It didn’t reduce the amount of criminals and numbers of murders/violent crimes significantly

25
Q

How didn’t the legislation of abortion change society?

A

It didn’t change the negative attitudes towards abortion

26
Q

How didn’t the legislation of homosexual relations change society?

A

There was not a complete end to prosecution as in private was loosely defined meaning if anyone else was in the building it was still against the law

27
Q

How didn’t the education reforms change society?

A

Middle class families were still unconvinced and turned to direct grant and independent schools.

28
Q

How did expansion of the mass media change British society?

A
  • created a uniformity culture
  • ended isolation of distant communities
  • increased generational culture
29
Q

What percentage of the population owned a TV by 1967?

A

75%

30
Q

Who became director of the BBC in 1960?

A

Hugh Greene

31
Q

What did Hugh Greene do?

A

He directed the funding for the BBC from radio to television

32
Q

How did growth in leisure activities change British society?

A
  • expanded as less people expected to work on Saturdays
  • popular activities were DIY Gardening, Cooking, Needlework and Knitting
  • Live theatre shrank rapidly
  • increase in car ownership allowed travel to alternative shopping areas, leisure centres, golfing and sailing
  • Mass tourism
33
Q

How much of leisure time did watching Tv take up?

A

23%

34
Q

What was the percentage of people who owned a car in 1974?

A

77%

35
Q

In 1961 what was the amount of tourists in the UK?

A

30 million

36
Q

In 1961 what was the amount of tourists abroad?

A

4 million

37
Q

How did the impact of scientific developments change British society?

A
  • post-office tower allowed improvement of tele-communications
  • development of Concorde allowed faster/easier travel
38
Q

When was the first person in space?

A

1961

39
Q

When did the first man land on the moon?

A

1969

40
Q

How did reduction in cnesorship change British society?

A
  • playwrights began to address social issues
  • new playwrights had to gain a license from Lord Chamberlain’s office before allowed to perform
  • Theatre owners could be prosecuted
  • By end of decade screen violence and sex
41
Q

What 1968 bill was passed by George Strauss in 1968?

A

A bill to abolish theatrical censorship

42
Q

Who was the bill to abolish theatrical censorship passed by?

A

George Strauss

43
Q

When was Hair released?

A

1968

44
Q

What was significant about Hair?

A

Naked for 30 seconds on stage

45
Q

What other theatre performances had grown more daring?

A
  • Darling (1965)
  • Alfie (1966)
  • Here we go around the Mulberry Bush (1967)
46
Q

How did progress to female equality change British society?

A
  • stereotypical woman still existed
  • girls education had a domestic slant
  • married young
  • working mothers were portrayed as unnatural and selfish by the media
  • feminism wasn’t powerful until 1970s
47
Q

What percentage of students in higher education in 1970 were female?

A

28%

48
Q

What percentage of women reached managerial posts?

A

5%

49
Q

What was the National Health Service Act 1967?

A

Allowed contraceptives and advice

50
Q

Who started the 2nd wave feminism in the USA?

A

Betty Friedan

51
Q

What book did Betty Friedan release?

A

The Feminine Mystique

52
Q

When was The Feminine Mystique released?

A

1963

53
Q

What happened at Ruskin College, Oxford in February 1970?

A

Four demands were made

  • equal pay
  • free contraceptives and abortions
  • equal education/job opportunities
  • free 24/7 childcare
54
Q

What essay was written by Juliet Mitchell?

A

The Longest revolution

55
Q

What essay was written by Germaine Greene?

A

The Female Eunuch

56
Q

Who wrote the longest revolution?

A

Juliet Mitchell

57
Q

Who wrote the female eunuch?

A

Germaine Greene

58
Q

What was the 1970 matrimonial act?

A

Work of a wife should be taken into account in divorce settlements

59
Q

What was the 1970 equal pay act?

A

Equal pay for equal work however it didn’t come in for five years

A-level History (14 decks)

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