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A-level History > Spanish - religion > Flashcards

Spanish - religion Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Philip’s relationship like with the pope?

A

They didn’t get on
Had a power struggle

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2
Q

What was the Carranza case?

A

Carranza was on trial for heresy
He wrote ‘Commentaries on Catechism’
Criticised the summary of Catholic beliefs

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3
Q

When was the Carranza case?

A

1566

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4
Q

Why did the Carranza case cause tension between the Papacy and Phillip

A

They argued whether the trial was a Spanish or papal matter

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5
Q

What is an example of Philip disobeying the pope?

A

The pope outlawed bullfighting in 1567 and Philip overrode it within Spain

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6
Q

When was the council of trent?

A

1562-1563

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7
Q

What was the council of Trent?

A

A papal council

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8
Q

How did Philip dominate the Council of Trent?

A

He had 130 spanish members on it

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9
Q

What was decided at the Council of Trent?

A

The Tridentine Decrees

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10
Q

What happened with the Tridentine decrees within Spain?

A
  • They were enacted in Spain
  • Chose which ones to introduce
  • Carried them out in his timescale
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11
Q

Who did Philip aim his inquisition against?

A

The protestants coming from france
The Moriscos (after the revolt)

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12
Q

Who were the Huguenots?

A

French Calvinists

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13
Q

How did Philip deal with Protestants?

A

Auto de fé

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14
Q

What are auto de fé?

A

Walks of faith
They involved marching protestants in a parade and burning them at the end

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15
Q

Describe the Auto de Fé in Spain

A

Valladolid and Seville
Philip was present in Valladolid (the second one) in 1559

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16
Q

What was Christian Mystecism?

A

They prepared themselves for a direct spiritual encounter

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17
Q

Why was Christian Mystecism considered a heresy?

A

In Catholicism only supposed to be priests and pope who can link with god

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18
Q

Who were Jesuits?

A

Extreme Catholics from France

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19
Q

Why were the Jesuits not part of Philip’s Inquisition?

A

Weren’t detrimental to the Spanish Church

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20
Q

Who did Charles’ Inquisition targeted?

A

Protestants

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21
Q

How did Protestantism start?

A

Martin Luther created Lutheranism

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22
Q

How many cases of Lutheranism were there in Spain by 1558?

A

105

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23
Q

Why was Lutheranism a threat to Catholicism?

A

It spread quickly throughout the HRE - especially in the low countries

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24
Q

Describe Erasmus

A

Erasmus was originally liked however his ideas were similar to Luther so named a heretic.
Erasmus was invited to Spanish court but declined

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25
Q

Who were the Illuminists?

A
  • Known as the alumbrados
  • Believed could reach God through ecstasy - extreme happiness (not drugs) - expected through sex
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26
Q

Why were the ideas of Illuminists considered bad?

A

Priests and the Pope were the only people who can reach god however they’re supposed to be celibate

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27
Q

What examples were there of Charles targeting?

A
  • The index of forbidden books
  • Expulsion of the Moors
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28
Q

What was the index of forbidden books?

A
  • written by Adrian de Utrecht
  • 1525
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29
Q

Whos book was added to the index of forbidden books in 1528?

A

Valdez’s brother

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30
Q

Describe the expulsion of the Moors (charles)

A
  • should be any left as expelled by Isabella and Ferdinand
  • 1525 - released edict stating no person was to practice the Islamic faith due to the Germania revolt
  • People were still openly Muslim provoking armed resistance and the Barbarossa raid
  • Charles tried to eradicate all Moorish customs but bought off for 800,000 ductat
  • In 1530 Isabella his wife tried to expel the Moors again whilst acting as regent but bought off for 20,000 ducats per year
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31
Q

Why was Lutheranism a threat (give examples)?

A

It contradicted many parts of Catholicism which took power away from the Pope
- monarch was head
- everyone can talk to god
- regional language in services and the bible
- forgiveness through prayer

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32
Q

What did Luther post in 1521?

A

The 95 theses

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33
Q

What was the 95 theses?

A

Described 95 things wrong with the Catholic Church

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34
Q

Where did Lutheranism start?

A

Wittenburg Germany

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35
Q

Why did Princes prefer Protestantism?

A

It gave them more power

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36
Q

Why did Protestantism give princes more power?

A
  • They became head of religion
  • More autonomy
  • Control religion and money rather than the pope
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37
Q

How did Charles try to prevent the spread of Lutheranism throughout the HRE?

A
  • puts together imperial diets
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38
Q

What was the name of the 2 imperial diets?

A

Nuremberg
Speyer

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39
Q

What happened at Nuremberg?

A

Authorities in the HRE were ordered to suppress Lutheranism

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40
Q

When was the Nuremberg imperial diet?

A

1524

41
Q

What happened during the Speyer imperial diet?

A

Political support was given to Lutheranism

42
Q

When was the Speyer imperial diet?

A

1529

43
Q

When was the Schmalkaldic Leagues formed?

A

1531

44
Q

What was the Schmalkaldic League?

A

Lutheran princes standing against Catholicism

45
Q

What was given to Lutheran princes 1531-1541 and why was this a problem?

A

They were given concessions which diminished Charles power

46
Q

What did the Lutheran Princes do with the concessions 1531-1541?

A

Reformed orders and monasteries as Lutheranism meaning more secularisation

47
Q

Why did Charles give Lutheran’s concessions 1531-1541?

A

Wanted to avoid conflict as he was already dealing with the French and Turks

48
Q

What happened at Mühlberg 1945?

A

A force of 25,000 defeated a Lutheran army angering Lutheran and Catholics

49
Q

Why did Mühlberg anger Lutherans and Catholics?

A

They both resented Spanish military occupation and fearful of Charles power as there was an imperial interference in state maters

50
Q

When was the Augsburg interim?

A

1548

51
Q

What did the Augsburg interim state?

A

preserved some key catholic doctrines and unheld papal authority however allowed Lutherans reform on church services and monasteries

52
Q

What was the consensus of the Augsburg Interim?

A

Everyone hated it

53
Q

When was the peace of Augsburg?

A

1559

54
Q

What was the peace of Augsburg?

A

Lutheranism was given full legal recognition and individual princes given authority over religion

55
Q

How many Christians settled in Granada between 1485 and 1498?

A

40,000

56
Q

How many conversos were there under Isabella and Ferdinand’s reign?

A

100,000

57
Q

What was feared that conversos were doing?

A

Secretly practicing Judaism

58
Q

What was the inquisition?

A

To investigate people who had converted to Christianity and to ensure they were not secretly practing their previous religion

59
Q

When was the Spanish inquisition created and what allowed it to happen?

A

1478 under papal approval

60
Q

When were inquisitors first appointed?

A

1482, including Tomás de Torquemada

61
Q

When was the Inquisition established in Aragon?

A

1483

62
Q

What were Torquemada’s role as Inquisitor general?

A
  • appoint and dismiss inquisitors
  • authority was subordinate to the crown
63
Q

Who did the desperate conversos appeal to?

A
  • Rome
  • regional immunities
  • local magistrates
  • monarchs
64
Q

Where, who, when and why was the inquisitor general of Aragon murdered?

A
  • Pedro de Arbues
  • In the Cathedral of Zaragoza
  • 1485
  • As a counter attack from the conversos
65
Q

By 1480 how many converso families had fled Andalusia?

A

4000

66
Q

What had happened to the conversos by 1488?

A

Between 1481 and 1488 700 conversos were convicted and burnt

67
Q

What was the population of Jews in Aragon and Castille?

A

Aragon 10,000
Castille 70,000

68
Q

What happened to Jews who were arrested in Valencia and Ávila?

A

Between 1480-1500, 40% were arrested

69
Q

How many Jews were executed between 1480-1530?

A

2,000

70
Q

How many victims were claimed in Valencia due to the inquisition in 1488?

A

1000

71
Q

What happened in Córdoba in 1504?

A

107 conversos were burnt during a single auto da fé

72
Q

Who were the main target of the inquisition during Isabella and Ferdinands reign?

A

The Conversos

73
Q

What did forced conversion create?

A

Generated social pressure on the purity of blood

74
Q

What was limpieza de sangre?

A

The purity of blood

75
Q

What was limpieza de sangre supported by?

A
  • it was not an official law
  • supported by Salamanca university in 1482
  • Jeronimites from 1486
  • Seville Cathedral from 1515
76
Q

What was ordered by the inquisition in 1482?

A

A partial expulsion of Jews from Andalusia

77
Q

What happened because of the inquisition in 1484?

A

The Jews were driven out of Seville

78
Q

What did royal legislation decree in 1492 when it came to the Jews?

A

Jews should be expelled from the peninsula on the grounds that they were stopping conversos from practising Christianity properly

79
Q

What percentage of Jews left the Kingdom after the 1492 decree?

A

75% of Jews left out of 200,000

80
Q

What were Jews forbidden to do after the 1492 decree?

A

Couldn’t take gold, silver, money, weapons and horses

81
Q

What did Isabella and Ferdinand successfully do concering Portugal in 1497?

A

Exerted diplomatic pressure on King Manuel of Portugal to expel the Jews from his Kingdom

82
Q

When were Isabella and Ferdinand given the title of Catholic monarchs?

A

December 1486

82
Q

When were Isabella and Ferdinand given the title of Catholic monarchs?

A

December 1486

83
Q

When was the ecclesiastical council summoned?

A

1478

84
Q

What did the Eccelesiastical council confirm?

A

The appointment of bishops and archbishops, including the archdioceses in Castille

85
Q

What did appointement of eccelestiastical leaders cause?

A

Helped to reduce the levels of anticlericalism

86
Q

What are the examples of appointed eccelestiastical leaders under I+F?

A
  • Hernando de Talavera
  • Jiménez de Cisneros
  • Diego de Deza
87
Q

What is espiscopacy?

A

The hierarchal structure of the Church

88
Q

What were I+F espiscopacy reforms?

A
  • insisted that bishops reside in diocese so they could oversee clerical reform
  • avoiding foreign appointments
  • some bishops actively involved in royal administration
89
Q

What were all churches expected to do in 1502?

A

Employ lay judges

90
Q

What were lay judges?

A

A person assisting in a trial

91
Q

What did the papal bull of 1486 grant Isabella and Ferdinand?

A

They were granted complete control over churches in Granada

92
Q

What did the papal bull of 1501 give the church the right to do?

A

Collect tithes

93
Q

When was the polyglot bible commisioned?

A

1502

94
Q

When was the polyglot bible completed?

A

1517

95
Q

When was the polyglot bible first published?

A

1522

96
Q

What happened to the alumbrados in 1525?

A

From this time onwards the authorities began to arrest its members

97
Q

What did the royal edict 23rd september 1525 do?

A

Condemned illuminist teachings

A-level History (14 decks)

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