Spanish - religion Flashcards
1
Q
What was Philip’s relationship like with the pope?
A
They didn’t get on
Had a power struggle
2
Q
What was the Carranza case?
A
Carranza was on trial for heresy
He wrote ‘Commentaries on Catechism’
Criticised the summary of Catholic beliefs
3
Q
When was the Carranza case?
A
1566
4
Q
Why did the Carranza case cause tension between the Papacy and Phillip
A
They argued whether the trial was a Spanish or papal matter
5
Q
What is an example of Philip disobeying the pope?
A
The pope outlawed bullfighting in 1567 and Philip overrode it within Spain
6
Q
When was the council of trent?
A
1562-1563
7
Q
What was the council of Trent?
A
A papal council
8
Q
How did Philip dominate the Council of Trent?
A
He had 130 spanish members on it
9
Q
What was decided at the Council of Trent?
A
The Tridentine Decrees
10
Q
What happened with the Tridentine decrees within Spain?
A
- They were enacted in Spain
- Chose which ones to introduce
- Carried them out in his timescale
11
Q
Who did Philip aim his inquisition against?
A
The protestants coming from france
The Moriscos (after the revolt)
12
Q
Who were the Huguenots?
A
French Calvinists
13
Q
How did Philip deal with Protestants?
A
Auto de fé
14
Q
What are auto de fé?
A
Walks of faith
They involved marching protestants in a parade and burning them at the end
15
Q
Describe the Auto de Fé in Spain
A
Valladolid and Seville
Philip was present in Valladolid (the second one) in 1559
16
Q
What was Christian Mystecism?
A
They prepared themselves for a direct spiritual encounter
17
Q
Why was Christian Mystecism considered a heresy?
A
In Catholicism only supposed to be priests and pope who can link with god
18
Q
Who were Jesuits?
A
Extreme Catholics from France
19
Q
Why were the Jesuits not part of Philip’s Inquisition?
A
Weren’t detrimental to the Spanish Church
20
Q
Who did Charles’ Inquisition targeted?
A
Protestants
21
Q
How did Protestantism start?
A
Martin Luther created Lutheranism
22
Q
How many cases of Lutheranism were there in Spain by 1558?
A
105
23
Q
Why was Lutheranism a threat to Catholicism?
A
It spread quickly throughout the HRE - especially in the low countries
24
Q
Describe Erasmus
A
Erasmus was originally liked however his ideas were similar to Luther so named a heretic.
Erasmus was invited to Spanish court but declined
25
Who were the Illuminists?
- Known as the alumbrados
- Believed could reach God through ecstasy - extreme happiness (not drugs) - expected through sex
26
Why were the ideas of Illuminists considered bad?
Priests and the Pope were the only people who can reach god however they're supposed to be celibate
27
What examples were there of Charles targeting?
- The index of forbidden books
- Expulsion of the Moors
28
What was the index of forbidden books?
- written by Adrian de Utrecht
- 1525
29
Whos book was added to the index of forbidden books in 1528?
Valdez's brother
30
Describe the expulsion of the Moors (charles)
- should be any left as expelled by Isabella and Ferdinand
- 1525 - released edict stating no person was to practice the Islamic faith due to the Germania revolt
- People were still openly Muslim provoking armed resistance and the Barbarossa raid
- Charles tried to eradicate all Moorish customs but bought off for 800,000 ductat
- In 1530 Isabella his wife tried to expel the Moors again whilst acting as regent but bought off for 20,000 ducats per year
31
Why was Lutheranism a threat (give examples)?
It contradicted many parts of Catholicism which took power away from the Pope
- monarch was head
- everyone can talk to god
- regional language in services and the bible
- forgiveness through prayer
32
What did Luther post in 1521?
The 95 theses
33
What was the 95 theses?
Described 95 things wrong with the Catholic Church
34
Where did Lutheranism start?
Wittenburg Germany
35
Why did Princes prefer Protestantism?
It gave them more power
36
Why did Protestantism give princes more power?
- They became head of religion
- More autonomy
- Control religion and money rather than the pope
37
How did Charles try to prevent the spread of Lutheranism throughout the HRE?
- puts together imperial diets
38
What was the name of the 2 imperial diets?
Nuremberg
Speyer
39
What happened at Nuremberg?
Authorities in the HRE were ordered to suppress Lutheranism
40
When was the Nuremberg imperial diet?
1524
41
What happened during the Speyer imperial diet?
Political support was given to Lutheranism
42
When was the Speyer imperial diet?
1529
43
When was the Schmalkaldic Leagues formed?
1531
44
What was the Schmalkaldic League?
Lutheran princes standing against Catholicism
45
What was given to Lutheran princes 1531-1541 and why was this a problem?
They were given concessions which diminished Charles power
46
What did the Lutheran Princes do with the concessions 1531-1541?
Reformed orders and monasteries as Lutheranism meaning more secularisation
47
Why did Charles give Lutheran's concessions 1531-1541?
Wanted to avoid conflict as he was already dealing with the French and Turks
48
What happened at Mühlberg 1945?
A force of 25,000 defeated a Lutheran army angering Lutheran and Catholics
49
Why did Mühlberg anger Lutherans and Catholics?
They both resented Spanish military occupation and fearful of Charles power as there was an imperial interference in state maters
50
When was the Augsburg interim?
1548
51
What did the Augsburg interim state?
preserved some key catholic doctrines and unheld papal authority however allowed Lutherans reform on church services and monasteries
52
What was the consensus of the Augsburg Interim?
Everyone hated it
53
When was the peace of Augsburg?
1559
54
What was the peace of Augsburg?
Lutheranism was given full legal recognition and individual princes given authority over religion
55
How many Christians settled in Granada between 1485 and 1498?
40,000
56
How many conversos were there under Isabella and Ferdinand's reign?
100,000
57
What was feared that conversos were doing?
Secretly practicing Judaism
58
What was the inquisition?
To investigate people who had converted to Christianity and to ensure they were not secretly practing their previous religion
59
When was the Spanish inquisition created and what allowed it to happen?
1478 under papal approval
60
When were inquisitors first appointed?
1482, including Tomás de Torquemada
61
When was the Inquisition established in Aragon?
1483
62
What were Torquemada's role as Inquisitor general?
- appoint and dismiss inquisitors
- authority was subordinate to the crown
63
Who did the desperate conversos appeal to?
- Rome
- regional immunities
- local magistrates
- monarchs
64
Where, who, when and why was the inquisitor general of Aragon murdered?
- Pedro de Arbues
- In the Cathedral of Zaragoza
- 1485
- As a counter attack from the conversos
65
By 1480 how many converso families had fled Andalusia?
4000
66
What had happened to the conversos by 1488?
Between 1481 and 1488 700 conversos were convicted and burnt
67
What was the population of Jews in Aragon and Castille?
Aragon 10,000
Castille 70,000
68
What happened to Jews who were arrested in Valencia and Ávila?
Between 1480-1500, 40% were arrested
69
How many Jews were executed between 1480-1530?
2,000
70
How many victims were claimed in Valencia due to the inquisition in 1488?
1000
71
What happened in Córdoba in 1504?
107 conversos were burnt during a single auto da fé
72
Who were the main target of the inquisition during Isabella and Ferdinands reign?
The Conversos
73
What did forced conversion create?
Generated social pressure on the purity of blood
74
What was limpieza de sangre?
The purity of blood
75
What was limpieza de sangre supported by?
- it was not an official law
- supported by Salamanca university in 1482
- Jeronimites from 1486
- Seville Cathedral from 1515
76
What was ordered by the inquisition in 1482?
A partial expulsion of Jews from Andalusia
77
What happened because of the inquisition in 1484?
The Jews were driven out of Seville
78
What did royal legislation decree in 1492 when it came to the Jews?
Jews should be expelled from the peninsula on the grounds that they were stopping conversos from practising Christianity properly
79
What percentage of Jews left the Kingdom after the 1492 decree?
75% of Jews left out of 200,000
80
What were Jews forbidden to do after the 1492 decree?
Couldn't take gold, silver, money, weapons and horses
81
What did Isabella and Ferdinand successfully do concering Portugal in 1497?
Exerted diplomatic pressure on King Manuel of Portugal to expel the Jews from his Kingdom
82
When were Isabella and Ferdinand given the title of Catholic monarchs?
December 1486
82
When were Isabella and Ferdinand given the title of Catholic monarchs?
December 1486
83
When was the ecclesiastical council summoned?
1478
84
What did the Eccelesiastical council confirm?
The appointment of bishops and archbishops, including the archdioceses in Castille
85
What did appointement of eccelestiastical leaders cause?
Helped to reduce the levels of anticlericalism
86
What are the examples of appointed eccelestiastical leaders under I+F?
- Hernando de Talavera
- Jiménez de Cisneros
- Diego de Deza
87
What is espiscopacy?
The hierarchal structure of the Church
88
What were I+F espiscopacy reforms?
- insisted that bishops reside in diocese so they could oversee clerical reform
- avoiding foreign appointments
- some bishops actively involved in royal administration
89
What were all churches expected to do in 1502?
Employ lay judges
90
What were lay judges?
A person assisting in a trial
91
What did the papal bull of 1486 grant Isabella and Ferdinand?
They were granted complete control over churches in Granada
92
What did the papal bull of 1501 give the church the right to do?
Collect tithes
93
When was the polyglot bible commisioned?
1502
94
When was the polyglot bible completed?
1517
95
When was the polyglot bible first published?
1522
96
What happened to the alumbrados in 1525?
From this time onwards the authorities began to arrest its members
97
What did the royal edict 23rd september 1525 do?
Condemned illuminist teachings
